Judas Maccabaeus

*Judas Maccabaeus*
Forma musical	oratori
Compositor	Georg Friedrich Händel
Llibretista	Thomas Morell (en)
Llengua	anglès
Data de publicació	1973
Catalogació	HWV HWV 63
Format per	See the conqu'ring hero comes! (en)
Estrena
Estrena	1r abril 1747

Judas Maccabaeus (HWV 63) és un oratori en tres actes compost l'any 1746 per Georg Friedrich Händel. El llibret fou elaborat per Thomas Morell. Aquest oratori es va elaborar com un homenatge al príncep Guillem August, duc de Cumberland, victoriós en la batalla de Culloden (16 d'abril de 1746).^[1] Altres catàlegs de música de Händel s'han referit a l'obra com a HG xxii; i HHA 1/24.^[2] El llibret de Morell es basa en el personatge de Judes Macabeu segons el deuterocanònic Primer llibre dels Macabeus (2-8), amb motius afegits de les Antiguitats judaiques de Flavi Josep.

Estrena modifica

Es va estrenar l'1 d'abril de 1747 en el Covent Garden, i Judas Maccabaeus es va convertir en un dels oratoris més populars de Händel. Els intèrprets en la seva producció original de 1747 foren, segons anunciava The General Advertiser (publicat el dia anterior al concert):^[3]^[4]

Judes: John Beard (tenor)
Home israelita: Caterina Galli (mezzo-soprano)
Dona israelita: Elisabetta de Gambarini (soprano)
Simon, germà de Judes: Thomas Reinhold (baix)
Eupolemus, ambaixador jueu davant Roma: Thomas Reinhold (baix)

A més a més hi ha:

Primer missatger (contralt)
Segon missatger (baix)
Cor d'israelites
Cor de joves
Cor de les verges

El famós cor See, the Conqu’ring Hero Comes! va ser compost l'estiu de 1747 per al següent oratori de Händel, Joshua. Davant la seva popularitat, probablement el 1751, Händel el va afegir a Judas Maccabaeus, i d'aquesta manera va passar a formar part legítima de tots dos oratoris. Sol interpretar-se amb el text llatí Canticorum iubilo.

Estructura i anàlisi musical modifica

Part	Núm.	Tipus	Títol	Veus	Caràcter	Compàs	Tonalitat
1	1	Overture			Largo, Allegro, Largo	4/4, 3/8, 4/4	Sol menor
1	2	Chorus	Mourn, ye afflicted children	Soprano, Contralt, Tenor, Baix	Largo	4/4	Do menor
1	3	Recitative	Well may your sorrows	Home israelita (Tenor)		4/4
1	4	Duet	From this dread scene	Home israelita (Tenor), Dona israelita (Contralt)	Andante e staccato	3/4	Sol menor
1	5	Chorus	For Sion lamentation make	Soprano, Contralt, Tenor, Baix	Larghetto e un poco piano, Adagio	12/8, 4/4	Fa menor
1	6	Recitative	Not vain is all this storm of grief	Simon		4/4
1	7	Air	Pious orgies	Dona israelita	Largo e sostenuto	4/4	Mi♭ major
1	8	Chorus	O Father, whose Almighty power	Soprano, Contralt, Tenor, Baix	Larghetto, Allegro	3/4, 4/4	Mi♭ major
1	9	Recitative (accompanied)	I feel the Deity within	Simon		4/4
1	10	Air	Arm, arm, ye brave	Simon	Allegro	4/4	Do major
1	11	Chorus	We come, in bright array	Soprano, Contralt, Tenor, Baix	Allegro	3/4	Do major
1	12	Recitative	‘Tis well, my friends	Judas Maccabaeus		4/4
1	13	Air	Call forth thy powers	Judas Maccabaeus	Allegro	4/4	Re major
1	14	Recitative	To Heaven's Almighty King we kneel	Dona israelita		4/4
1	15	Air	O Liberty, thou choicest treasure	Dona israelita	Largo	4/4	La major
1	16	Air	Come, ever-smiling Liberty	Dona israelita	Andante	6/8	La major
1	17	Recitative	O Judas, may these noble views inspire	Home israelita		4/4
1	18	Air	‘Tis Liberty	Home israelita	Larghetto, Adagio, Larghetto	4/4	Mi major
1	19	Duet	Come, ever-smiling Liberty	Dona israelita, Home israelita (mezzosoprano)	Andante	6/8	La major
1	20	Chorus	Lead on, lead on	Soprano, Contralt, Tenor, Baix	Allegro	4/4	Re major
1	21	Recitative (sense acompanyament)	So willed my father	Judas Maccabaeus		4/4
1	22	Chorus	Disdainful of danger	Contralt, Tenor, Baix	Allegro	3/8	Sol major
1	23	Recitative	Ambition! if e’er honour was thine aim	Judas Maccabaeus		4/4
1	24	Air	No unhallow’d desire	Judas Maccabaeus	Allegro	6/8	Si♭ major
1	25	Recitative	Haste we, my brethren	Home israelita (Tenor)		4/4
1	26	Chorus	Hear us, O Lord	Soprano, Contralt, Tenor, Baix	A tempo giusto	4/4	Fa major
2	27	Chorus	Fallen is the foe	Soprano, Contralt, Tenor, Baix	Allegro moderato	4/4	Re menor
2	28	Recitative	Victorious hero	Home israelita		4/4
2	29	Air	So rapid thy course is	Home israelita	Allegro, Adagio (darrers 5 compassos)	3/8	Sol major
2	30	Recitative	Well may hope our freedom to receive	Home israelita (Soprano)		4/4
2	31	Duet	Sion now her head shall raise	Dona israelita, Home israelita (Soprano)	Andante	3/4	Sol major
2	32	Chorus	Tune your harps	Soprano (1r & 2ª), Contralt, Tenor, Baix	Andante	3/4	Sol major
2	33	Recitative	O let eternal honours crown his name	Dona israelita		4/4
2	34	Air	From mighty kings he took the spoil	Dona israelita	Andante, Allegro (final)	12/8, 4/4 (final)	La major
2	35	Duet	Hail, Judea, happy land	Home israelita (Contralt), Dona israelita	Allegro	4/4	Re major
2	36	Chorus	Hail, Judea, happy land	Soprano, Contralt, Tenor, Baix	Allegro	4/4	Re major
2	37	Recitative	Thanks to my brethren	Judas Maccabaeus		4/4
2	38	Air	How vain is man who boasts in fight	Judas Maccabaeus	Andante	4/4	Fa major
2	39	Recitative	O Judas! O my brethren	Missatger israelita (Contralt)		4/4
2	40	Air	Ah! wretched Israel	Dona israelita	Largo	3/4	Do menor
2	41	Chorus	Ah! wretched Israel	Soprano, Contralt, Tenor, Baix	Largo, Adagio (final)	3/4	Do menor
2	42	Recitative	Be comforted	Simon		4/4
2	43	Air	The Lord worketh wonders	Simon	Allegro	4/4	La menor
2	44	Recitative	My arms! against this Gorgias will I go	Judas Maccabaeus		4/4
2	45	Air	Sound an alarm	Judas Maccabaeus	Allegro	6/8	Re major
2	46	Chorus	We hear	Soprano, Contralt, Tenor, Baix	Allegro	6/8	Re major
2	47	Recitative	Enough! to Heaven we leave	Simon		4/4
2	48	Air	With pious hearts	Simon	Larghetto	3/4	Sol menor
2	49	Recitative	Ye worshippers of God	Home israelita (Contralt)		4/4
2	50	Air	Wise men, Fattering, may deceive you	Dona israelita	Larghetto	3/4	Fa major
2	51	Duet	O never bow we down	Dona israelita, Home israelita (Contralt)	Andante	3/4	Do menor
2	52	Chorus	We never will bow down	Soprano, Contralt, Tenor, Baix	Andante	3/4	Do menor, Do major
3	53	Air	Father of Heaven	Home israelita (Contralt)	Andante larghetto	4/4	Fa major
3	54	Recitative	See, see yon Fames	Home israelita (Contralt)		4/4
3	55	Recitative	O grant it, Heaven	Dona israelita		4/4
3	56	Air	So shall the lute and harp awake	Dona israelita	Allegro, Adagio (final)	4/4	Si♭ major
3	57	Recitative	From Capharsalama	Missatgera israelita (Contralt), Missatger israelita (Baix)		4/4
3	58	Chorus of Youths; Chorus of Virgins; Chorus	See the conquering hero comes	Soprano (1r & 2ª), Contralt; Soprano (1r & 2ª); Soprano, Contralt, Tenor, Baix		2/2	Sol major
3	59	March			Allegro	2/2	Sol major
3	60	Duet; Chorus	Sing unto God	Contralt, Tenor; Soprano, Contralt, Tenor, Baix	Allegro	4/4	Re major
3	61	Recitative	Sweet flow the strains	Judas Maccabaeus		4/4
3	62	Air	With honour let desert be crowned	Judas Maccabaeus	Andante larghetto	4/4	La menor
3	63	Recitative	Peace to my countrymen	Eupolemus		4/4
3	64	Chorus	To our great God	Soprano, Contralt, Tenor, Baix	Allegro	4/4	Sol menor
3	65	Recitative	Again to earth let gratitude descend	Dona israelita		4/4
3	66	Duet	O lovely peace	Dona israelita, Home israelita (Contralt)	Allegro	6/8	Sol major
3	67	Air	Rejoice, O Judah	Simon	Andante allegro	4/4	Re major
3	68	Chorus	Hallelujah, Amen	Soprano, Contralt, Tenor, Baix	Allegro, Adagio (final)	4/4	Re major

Orquestració modifica

La següent orquestració va ser publicada per Chrysander en l'edició del Händel-Gesellschaft de 1866:

violins I, II
violes
violoncels
contrabaixos (Baixi)
Fautes dolces I, II (Fauto)
oboès I, II
Fautes I, II (traversa)
trompes I, II (corno)
trompetes I, II, III (tromba)
fagot I, II (fagotti)
timbales
orgue
teclat

Enregistraments modifica

Any	Repartiment: Judas Maccabaeus, Dona israelita, Simon, Dona israelita, Missatger, Israelita	Director, orquestra i cor	Segell discogràfic
1963	Jan Peerce, Martina Arroyo, David Smith, Mary Davenport, Lawrence Avery	Thomas Scherman, Orquestra de l'Òpera Estatal de Viena, cor de l'Acadèmia de Viena	CD: VoxBoxCat: 5125
1971	Alexander Young, Heather Harper, John Shirley-Quirk, Helen Watts, Patricia Clark, Jean Temperley	Johannes Somary, English Chamber Orchestra, Coral Amor Artis	CD: Vanguard ClassicsCat: OVC 4072
1977	Ryland Davies, Felicity Palmer, John Shirley-Quirk, Janet Baker, Paul Esswood, Christopher Keyte	Charles MacKerras, English Chamber Orchestra, Cor de la Wandsworth School	CD: DGGCat: 447692
1993	Guy de Mey, Lisa Saffer, David Thomas, Patricia Spence, Brian Asawa, Leroy Kromm	Nicholas McGegan, Philharmonia Baroque Orchestra, U.C. Berkley Chamber Chorus	CD: Harmonia Mundi Cat: HMX 2907374.75

Referències modifica

↑ www.choir.org.uk choir notes
↑ NewGrove2001: Handel, George Frideric por Anthony Hicks
↑ Channon, 2003, Novello's Original Octavo July 1923 edition.
↑ At the Theatre-Royal in Covent-Garden To-morrow, will be perform'd a New Oratorio, call'd JUDAS MACCHABAEUS With a New Concerto. Pit and Boxes to be put together, and no Person to be admitted without Tickets, which will be delivered that Day, at the Office at Covent-Garden Theatre, at Half a Guinea each. First Gallery 5s.; Second Gallery 3s.6d. The Galleries to be Open'd at Half an Hour after Four o'Clock. Pit and Boxes at Five. To begin at Half an Hour after Six o'Clock.

Enllaços externs modifica

[choirs.org.uk-1] www.choir.org.uk choir notes

[Grove2001Vol10Page785-2] NewGrove2001: Handel, George Frideric por Anthony Hicks

[FOOTNOTEChannon2003Novello's_Original_Octavo_July_1923_edition-3] Channon, 2003, Novello's Original Octavo July 1923 edition.

[4] At the Theatre-Royal in Covent-Garden To-morrow, will be perform'd a New Oratorio, call'd JUDAS MACCHABAEUS With a New Concerto. Pit and Boxes to be put together, and no Person to be admitted without Tickets, which will be delivered that Day, at the Office at Covent-Garden Theatre, at Half a Guinea each. First Gallery 5s.; Second Gallery 3s.6d. The Galleries to be Open'd at Half an Hour after Four o'Clock. Pit and Boxes at Five. To begin at Half an Hour after Six o'Clock.

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