Registres del Gran Historiador: diferència entre les revisions

Contingut suprimit Contingut afegit
Línia 34:
La família de Sima eren historiadors hereditàries vers l'emperador Han. El pare de Sima Qian, [[Sima Tan]], va exercir com a Gran Historiador, i Sima Qian el va succeir en el seu càrrec. Així doncs, tenia accés als arxius primerencs de la dinastia Han, als edictes, i als registres. Sima Qian va ser un historiador metòdic, escèptic que tenia accés a llibres antics, escrits en [[tires de bambú i fusta]], d'una època anterior a la dinastia Han. Moltes de les fonts que va fer servir no van sobreviure. Sima Quian no només utilitza els arxius i registres imperials, sinó que també va entrevistar persones i va viatjar al voltant de la Xina per verificar la informació. En el seu primer capítol, "Anals dels Cinc Emperadors", escriu:<ref>[http://ctext.org/shiji/wu-di-ben-ji Anals del Cinc Emperadors] Tetx original:: 余嘗西至空桐,北過涿鹿,東漸於海,南浮江淮矣,至長老皆各往往稱黃帝、堯、舜之處,風教固殊焉,總之不離古文者近是。</ref>
 
{{cquote2|IJo myselfmateix havehe travelledviatjat westcap asa farl'oest asfins a [[Muntanyes Kongtong|K'ung-t'ung,]], northcap pastal nord passant [[Comtat de Zhuolu|Cho-lu]], easta tol'est theamb seael mar, andi inal thesud southhe Inavegat have sailed theels rius [[Riu Groc|Groc]] i [[Huai He]]. TheEls eldersancians andi oldhomes menvells ofd'aquestes thesediferents variousterres landssovint frequentlyem pointedvan outassenyalar toels mellocs theon places where thel'Emperador [[Emperador Groc]], [[Emperador Yao|Yao]], I [[Emperador Shun|Shun]] havien viscut, i en aquests llocs, els usos i costums semblaven molt diferents. En general, les dels seus relats que no difereixen dels textos antics semblen estar properes a la veritat.|Sima Qian, traducció a l'anglès per [[Burton Watson]]<ref>Original anglès: ''I myself have travelled west as far as K'ung-t'ung, north past Cho-lu, east to the sea, and in the south I have sailed the Yellow and Huai Rivers. The elders and old men of these various lands frequently pointed out to me the places where the Yellow Emperor, Yao, and Shun had lived, and in these places the manners and customs seemed quite different. In general those of their accounts which do not differ from the ancient texts seem to be near to the truth. |Sima Qian, translation by [[Burton Watson]] ''</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Burton Watson |title=Ssu Ma Ch'ien Grand Historian Of China |page=183 |chapter=Selected Translation From the Shih Chi |url=http://archive.org/stream/ssumachiengrandh012602mbp#page/n195/mode/2up |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=1958 }}</ref>}}
 
TheEl GrandGran HistorianHistoriador usedusà ''TheEls AnnalsAnals ofdels theCinc Five EmperorsEmperadors'' (五帝系諜) andi theel ''[[Shujing|Clàssic d'Història]]'' ascom sourcea materials tobase makeper genealogiesfer fromles thegeneaologies timedes ofde thel'època de l'[[Emperador Groc]] untilfins thata ofla thede la [[Regència Gonghe]] (841-2 BC). Sima Qian oftensovint citescita hisles sourcesseves fonts. ForPer exampleexemple, inen theel firstprimer chaptercapítol, "AnnalsAnals ofdels theCinc Five EmperorsEmperadors," he writesescriu, "IHe havellegit read theels [[Anals de Primavera i Tardor]] andi theel ''[[Guo Yu]]''." In his 13th chapter, "Genealogical Table of the Three Ages," Sima Qian writes, "I have read all the genealogies of the kings (''dieji'' 谍记) that exist since the time of the [[Emperador Groc]]." In his 14th chapter, "Yearly Chronicle of the Feudal Lords", he writes, "I have read all the royal annals (''chunqiu li pudie'' 春秋曆譜諜) up until the time of [[Rei Li de Zhou]]." In his 15th chapter, "Yearly Chronicle of the Six States," he writes, “I have read the Annals of [[Qin (estat)|Qin]] (''qin ji'' 秦記), and they say that the [[Quanrong]] [a barbarian tribe] defeated [[Rei You de Zhou]] [ca 771 BC]."
 
In the 19th chapter, he writes, "I have occasion to read over the records of enfeoffment and come to the case of Wu Qian, the marquis of Bian...." (The father of Marquis Bian, Wu Rui, was named king (wang) of [[Changsha]] in [[Hunan]] for his loyalty to Gaozu. See article on [[Zhao Tuo]]). In his chapter on the patriotic minister and poet [[Qu Yuan]], Sima Qian writes, "I have read [Qu Yuan's works] ''[[Li Sao]]'', ''[[Tianwen]]'' ("Heaven Asking"), ''Zhaohun'' (summoning the soul), and ''Ai Ying'' ([[Lament per Ying]])”. In the 62nd chapter, "Biography of Guan and of Yan", he writes, "I have read Guan's ''Mu Min'' (牧民 - "Government of the People", a chapter in the ''[[Guanzi (text)|Guanzi]]''), ''Shan Gao'' ("The Mountains Are High"), ''Chengma'' ([[Carro de guerra|carro]] and horses; a long section on war and economics), ''Qingzhong'' (Light and Heavy; i.e. "what is important"), and ''Jiufu'' (Nine Houses), as well as the ''Spring and Autumn Annals of Yanzi''." In his 64th chapter, "Biography of [[Sima Rangju]]", the Grand Historian writes, "I have read Sima's Art of War." In the 121st chapter, "Biographies of Scholars", he writes, "I read the Imperial Decrees that encouraged education officials."