Hidrazina: diferència entre les revisions
Contingut suprimit Contingut afegit
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{{ChemboxEn
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 458641690
| ImageFileL1 = Hydrazin.svg
| ImageFileL1_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageNameL1 = Fórmula esquelètica d'hidrazina amb tots els hidrògens explícits afegits
| ImageFileR1 = Hydrazine-3D-vdW.png
| ImageFileR1_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageNameR1 = Model de rebliment d'espai d'hidrazinae
| ImageFileL2 = Hydrazine-2D-A1.png
| ImageFileL2_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageNameL2 = Fórmula esquelètica d'hidrazina
| ImageFileR2 = Hydrazine-3D-balls.png
| ImageFileR2_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageNameR2 = Model de boles i pals d'hidrazina
| ImageFile3 = Sample of hydrazine hydrate.jpg
| ImageCaption3 = Hidrat d'hidrazina
| SystematicName = Hidrazina<ref name = "hydrazine - PubChem Public Chemical Database" >{{Cite web|url = http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=9321|title = hydrazine - PubChem Public Chemical Database|work = The PubChem Project|location = USA|publisher = National Center for Biotechnology Information}}</ref>
| OtherNames = Diamina<ref name=NIOSH>{{cite web|title=NIOSH Guide - Hydrazine|url=http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0329.html|publisher=Centers for Disease Control|accessdate=16 August 2012}}</ref> <br />
Diazà<ref name = "hydrazine - PubChem Public Chemical Database" />
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 302-01-2
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 9321
| ChemSpiderID = 8960
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| UNII = 27RFH0GB4R
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| EINECS = 206-114-9
| UNNumber = 2029
| KEGG = C05361
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| MeSHName = Hydrazine
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 15571
|
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| RTECS = MU7175000
|
| Gmelin = 190
| 3DMet = B00770
| SMILES = NN
| StdInChI = 1S/H4N2/c1-2/h1-2H2
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| InChI = 1/H4N2/c1-2/h1-2H2
| StdInChIKey = OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| InChIKey = OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYAZ
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = {{Chem|N|2|H|4}}
| MolarMass = 32,0452 g mol<sup>−1</sup>
| Appearance = Incolor, fumant, líquid oliós<ref name=PGCH/>
| Odor = com d'[[amoníac]]<ref name=PGCH/>
| Density = 1,021 g cm<sup>−3</sup>
| MeltingPtK = 275
| BoilingPtK = 387
| LogP = 0.67
| VaporPressure = 1 kP (a 30,7 °C)
| pKa = 8,10<ref>{{cite journal | author = Hall H.K. | year = 1957 | title = | url = | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | volume = 79 | issue = | page = 5441 | doi=10.1021/ja01577a030}}</ref>
| pKb = 5.90
| RefractIndex = 1,46044 (a 22 °C)
| Viscosity = 0,876 cP
| Solubility = miscible<ref name=PGCH/>
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| MolShape = Triangular piramidal at N
| Dipole = 1,85 D<ref name="Greenwood 1997">{{Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd}}</ref>
}}
|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = 50,63 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
| Entropy = 121,52 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>
}}
|Section5={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0281.htm ICSC 0281]
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS flame}} {{GHS corrosion}} {{GHS skull and crossbones}} {{GHS health hazard}} {{GHS environment}}
| GHSSignalWord = '''DANGER'''
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|226|301|311|314|317|331|350|410}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|201|261|273|280|301+310|305+351+338}}
| EUIndex = 007-008-00-3
| EUClass = {{Hazchem T+}} {{Hazchem N}} <ref>{{cite web|title=Hydrazine safety data sheet|url=http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0281.htm}}</ref>
| RPhrases = {{R45}}, {{R10}}, {{R23/24/25}}, {{R34}}, {{R43}}, {{R50/53}}
| SPhrases = {{S53}}, {{S45}}, {{S60}}, {{S61}}
| NFPA-F = 4
| NFPA-H = 4
| NFPA-R = 3
| FlashPtC = 52
| AutoignitionPtC = 24 to 270
| ExploLimits = 1,8–99,99%
| LD50 = 59–60 mg/kg (oral in ratas, ratolins)<ref>{{cite book |author=Martel, B.; Cassidy, K. |title=Chemical Risk Analysis: A Practical Handbook |publisher=Butterworth–Heinemann |year=2004 |pages=361 |isbn=1-903996-65-1}}</ref>
| PEL = TWA 1 ppm (1,3 mg/m<sup>3</sup>) [skin]<ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0329}}</ref>
| IDLH = Ca [50 ppm]<ref name=PGCH/>
| REL = Ca C 0,03 ppm (0,04 mg/m<sup>3</sup>) [2-hores]<ref name=PGCH/>
| LC50 = 260 ppm (rata, 4 h)<br/>630 ppm (rata, 1 h)<br/>570 ppm (rata, 4 h)<br/>252 ppm (ratolí, 4 h)<ref name=IDLH>{{IDLH|302012|Hydrazine}}</ref>
}}
|Section6={{Chembox Related
| OtherCations = [[:Categoria:Hidrazines|Hidrazines orgàniques]]
| OtherAnions = [[Tetrafluorohidrazina]]<br/>[[Peròxid d'hidrogen]]<br/>[[Difosfà]]<br/>[[Tetraiodur de difòsfor]]
| OtherFunction_label = [[azà|azans]] binaris
| OtherFunction = [[Amoníac]]<br/>[[Triazà]]
| OtherCompounds = [[Diazè]]<br/>[[Triazè]]<br/>[[Tetrazè]]<br/>[[Difosfè]]
}}
}}
La '''hidrazina''', també anomenada '''diazina''', és un compost químic amb la fórmula N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>. És un líquid incolor amb olor [[amoníac|amoniacal]]. La hidrazina és altament tòxica i perillosament inestable a menys que es faci servir en solució. Anualment se'n produeixen unes 260.000 tones.<ref name=Ullmann>Jean-Pierre Schirmann, Paul Bourdauducq "Hydrazine" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2002. {{DOI|10.1002/14356007.a13_177}}{{en}}</ref> La hidrazina es fa servir principalment com a agent [[escumant]] en la preparació de [[polímer]]s escumosos. Altres usos rellevants són com a [[precursor (química)|precursor]] per a catalitzadors de polimerització i [[medicament]]s. A més, la hidrazina també s'utilitza en diversos [[motor coet|coets]] i per a preparar els precursors de gas utilitzats en els [[airbag]]s. La hidrazina és utilitzada en els cicles de vapor de centrals elèctriques nuclears i convencionals per controlar les concentracions d'oxigen i reduir la corrosió.
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