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== Figures característiques de minerals uniaxials i biaxials ==
An interference figure produced looking straight down or close to the optic axis of a uniaxial mineral will show a characteristic [[Maltese cross|"Maltese" cross]] shape to its isogyres. If you are looking perfectly down the optic axis, the pattern will remain completely unchanging as the stage is rotated. However, if the viewing angle is slightly away from the optic axis, the centre of the cross will revolve/orbit around the central point as the stage is rotated. The form of the cross will stay constant as it moves.▼
[[File:Uniaxial interference figures.jpg|thumb|center|upright=2.5|<center>Esbossos de figures d'interferència uniaxial, vistos al llarg de l'eix òptic de cada mineral. Els colors de [[birefringència]] aproximats que poden ser vistos si es tractés d'un mineral amb segon ordre de màxima birefringència. El patró fosc ''«[[Creu de Malta]]»'' és característic dels minerals uniaxials. També es mostren els esquemes de la forma d'una secció transversal a través de la indicatriu òptica del mineral (l'enregistrament del seu índex de refracció en 3D) que es veu en cada posició. La direcció allargada es pot distingir mitjançant l'addició d'una làmina de tinta sensible al microscopi, deixant que l'usuari discrimini entre els minerals «uniaxials negatius» (dreta) i «uniaxials positius» (esquerra)</center>]]
The optic axis figure of a biaxial mineral is more complex. One or two curved isogyres (sometimes called "brushes") will be visible, one of which will have its point of maximum curvature perfectly centred. (The figure shows an example with a single isogyre visible.) If two isogyres are visible, they will be positioned back-to-back. Rotating the stage will cause the isogyres to move and change shape strikingly - moving from a position where the isogyres curve smoothly and are widely separated at their closest point, then gradually becoming more tightly curved/squarer at their midpoints as they approach each other (a second isogyre appearing from out of the field of view if it was absent before), then merging to form a maltese cross pattern very much like that of a uniaxial mineral. Continuing to rotate the stage will cause the isogyres to separate again - but into the opposite quadrants to where they were previously - then meet again, then separate again into their original quadrants, and so on. The isogyres will touch each other four times in one 360 degree revolution, with each time corresponding to one of the [[extinction position]]s seen in normal cross polarised light.▼
▲An interference figure produced looking straight down or close to the optic axis of a uniaxial mineral will show a characteristic [[Maltese cross|"Maltese" cross]] shape to its isogyres. If you are looking perfectly down the optic axis, the pattern will remain completely unchanging as the stage is rotated. However, if the viewing angle is slightly away from the optic axis, the centre of the cross will revolve/orbit around the central point as the stage is rotated. The form of the cross will stay constant as it moves.
[[File:Biaxial interference figures.jpg|thumb|center|upright=2.5|<center>Possibles figures d'interferència per a un mineral biaxial amb una àmplia 2V, vist al llarg d'un dels dos eixos òptics. La forma corbada de l'isogir (banda fosca) és característica dels minerals biaxials, tot i que el grau de curvatura canvia a mesura que fem girar el microscopi, i el patró s'assembla en algunes orientacions al patró de «Creu de Malta» d'un mineral uniaxial. La imatge de l'esquerra mostra només la forma; el pegat gris al centre indica el baix primer ordre (gris) dels colors de birefringència observats aquí (l'ordre dels colors que s'observen en la realitat augmentaria lluny del centre, però aquests colors no es mostren). Les dues figures de la dreta mostren l'efecte de l'addició d'una làmina sensible que s'ha instal·lat, on es pot veure que el gris del centre ha sigut substituït per un blau de segon ordre i un groc de primer ordre de color de birefringència. La polaritat del groc i del blau revela si el mineral observat es òpticament «biaxial positiu» (a dalt) o «biaxial negatiu» (part inferior), sent aquesta una propietat clau en la identificació dels minerals (o per investigar la seva composició)</center>]]
▲The optic axis figure of a biaxial mineral is more complex. One or two curved isogyres (sometimes called "brushes") will be visible, one of which will have its point of maximum curvature perfectly centred. (The figure shows an example with a single isogyre visible.) If two isogyres are visible, they will be positioned back-to-back. Rotating the stage will cause the isogyres to move and change shape strikingly - moving from a position where the isogyres curve smoothly and are widely separated at their closest point, then gradually becoming more tightly curved/squarer at their midpoints as they approach each other (a second isogyre appearing from out of the field of view if it was absent before), then merging to form a maltese cross pattern very much like that of a uniaxial mineral. Continuing to rotate the stage will cause the isogyres to separate again - but into the opposite quadrants to where they were previously - then meet again, then separate again into their original quadrants, and so on. The isogyres will touch each other four times in one 360 degree revolution, with each time corresponding to one of the [[extinction position]]s seen in normal cross polarised light.
The maximum separation between isogyres occurs when the slide is rotated exactly 45 degrees from one of the orientations where the isogyres come together. The point where the isogyres is most tightly curved represents the position of each of the two optic axes present for a biaxial mineral, and thus the maximum separation between the two curves is diagnostic of the angle between the two optic axes for the mineral. This angle is called the '''optic angle''' and often notated as '''"2V"'''. In some cases, knowing the optic angle can be a useful diagnostic tool to discriminate between two minerals which otherwise look very similar. In other cases, 2V varies with chemical composition in a known way for a given mineral, and its measured value can be used to estimate ratios between elements in the [[crystal structure]] - for example, Fe/Mg in [[olivine]]s. However, in these cases it becomes important to also be sure of the ''optic sign'' of the mineral (essentially, this tells you how the optic angle is orientated with respect to the whole [[optical indicatrix]] describing the refractive indices of the mineral in 3D). The optic sign and optic angle can be determined together by combining interference pattern microscopy with use of a [[sensitive tint plate]].
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