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[[File:Gaffurio Pythagoras.png|thumb|[[Iubal]], [[Pitàgores]] i [[Filolau]] fent investigacions teòriques, en un gravat en fusta de [[Franchinus Gaffurius]], ''Theorica musicæ'' (1492).]]
La '''teoria de la música''' és la branca de les ciències de la música que es dedica a l'estudi del [[llenguatge musical]]. Aquest camp d'estudi involucra la investigació dels diversos elements musicals, entre ells el desenvolupament i la metodologia per a analitzar, escoltar i compondre música. Això implica identificar i comprendre els patrons i les tècniques pròpies de la [[composició musical]]. En un sentit més concret, la teoria de la música es dedica a l'estudi dels elements principals d'aquest llenguatge, que són el [[ritme]], la [[melodia]], l'[[harmonia]] i l'[[estructura musical]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Fallows|first1=David|title=Theory|url=http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/opr/t114/e6759.|website=The Oxford Companion to Music|publisher=Oxford Music Online|accessdate=11 September 2016}}</ref>
Mentre que la [[musicologia]] pot incloure qualsevol declaració, creença o concepció del que és la música, la teoria musical està limitada a les discussions concernents als esdeveniments [[sincrònics]] (o [[diacrònics]]) d'una composició específica (o diverses composicions), i als capítols musicoteòrics abstractes (per exemple [[teoria de conjunts]], [[teoria de grups]], [[teoria de la tensió tonal]], etc.).
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Alguns teòrics musicals proven d'explicar l'ús de les tècniques compositives pels compositors establint normes i patrons. Altres, donen forma a l'experiència de l'audició o interpretació de la [[música]]. Considerant-hi l'extremada diversitat dels seus interessos i propòsits, molts teòrics musicals occidentals pensen que els actes de compondre, interpretar, i escoltar música poden ser explicats amb un alt nivell de detall (això, oposat a una concepció d'expressió musical com fonamentalment inefable, excepte en sons musicals). Generalment, els treballs de teoria musical són tant descriptius com prescriptius, doncs amb tots dos es procura definir la pràctica i influir a la pràctica posterior. D'aquesta manera, la teoria musical es queda darrere de la pràctica, però també marca la futura exploració i interpretació.
Els intèrprets estudien teoria musical per a ser capaços d'entendre les relacions que un compositor desitja que siguin enteses a la notació, i els compositors estudien teoria musical per a poder entendre com produir efectes i com estructurar les seves pròpies obres. Els compositors haurien d'estudiar teoria musical per a guiar el seu procés precomposicional i les decisions composicionals. En general, la teoria musical és la tradició occidental. Se centra en l'[[harmonia]] i el [[contrapunt]], i les utilitza per a explicar les estructures a gran escala i la creació de melodies.<ref>[http://www.xtec.cat/~plopez14/projecte/teoria/ Teoria musical bàsica] xtec.cat</ref>
== Referències ==
{{referències}}
== Bibliografia ==
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{{refend}}
{{Terminologia musical}}
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