Sistema de suport vital: diferència entre les revisions
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[[Fitxer:SpaceStationCycle_es.svg|thumb|480px|Interacció entre els components del [[Sistema de Suport Vital i Control de l'Ambient de la ISS|Sistema de Suport Vital i Control Ambiental de l'EEI]] (ECLSS)|alt=Un diagrama de flux mostrant els components del sistema de suport vital de la ISS. Vegeu el text adyascente per als detalls.]]
En els [[Vol espacial tripulat|vols espacials tripulats]], un '''sistema de suport vital''' és un grup de dispositius que permeten a un ésser humà sobreviure a l'espai. L'agència espacial del govern estatunidenc, la [[NASA]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/pdf/104840main_eclss.pdf |title=International Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support System |publisher=NASA|format=PDF |accessdate=11 de desembre de 2010|ref= NASA2008}}</ref> i les companyies privades de vols espacials usen el terme control ambiental i sistema de suport de vida o l'acrònim ECLSS en descriure aquests sistemes per a les seves missions tripulades de vol espacial.{{sfn|Barry|2000}} El sistema de suport vital pot subministrar aire, aigua i aliments. També ha de mantenir la temperatura corporal correcta, una pressió acceptable sobre el cos i tractar amb els productes de deixalla del cos. També pot ser necessari blindar contra influències externes nocives com la radiació i micro-meteorits. Els components del sistema de suport de vida són crítics per a la vida, i estan dissenyats i construïts usant tècniques d'enginyeria de seguretat.
== Necessitats fisiològiques i metabòliques humanes ==
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== Referències ==
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* {{Cite web|url=https://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2000/ast13nov_1.htm |title=Breathing Easy on the Space Station |publisher=Science@NASA |date=November 13, 2000 |first=Patrick L. |last=Barry |ref=harv |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921141609/https://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2000/ast13nov_1.htm |archivedate=21 September 2008 |df= }}
* {{Cite web |url=https://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2007/11may_locad3.htm?list994055 |title=Preventing "Sick" Spaceships |publisher=Science@NASA |date=May 11, 2007 |first=Trudy E. |last=Bell|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite news |url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_channel.jsp?channel=space&id=news/asd/2010/10/21/10.xml&headline=Volunteers%20Test%20Bigelow%20Life-Support%20Gear |title=Volunteers Test Bigelow Life-Support Gear |work=[[Aviation Week]] |date=2010-10-22 |accessdate=2010-10-23|ref=Bigelow Volunteers}}
* {{cite book | last1=Davis | first1=Jeffrey R. | last2=Johnson | first2=Robert | last3=Stepanek | first3=Jan | lastauthoramp=yes | title=Fundamentals of Aerospace Medicine | publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | place=Philadelphia PA, USA | volume=XII | pages=261–264 | year=2008|ref=harv}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/pdf/104840main_eclss.pdf |title=International Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support System |publisher=NASA|format=PDF |accessdate=11 December 2010|ref= NASA2008}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/offices/c3po/partners/paragon/index.html |title=Commercial Crew and Cargo Paragon CCDev |date=November 30, 2010 |publisher=NASA|ref=NASA 2010}}
* {{cite web | url = http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/reference/shutref/orbiter/eclss/ | title = HSF – The Shuttle: Environmental Control and Life Support System | publisher = NASA|ref=NASA-HSF}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.paragonsdc.com/paragon_projects_09.php |title=Paragon Projects |date=January 2011 |publisher=Paragon |ref=Paragon Projects |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624023144/http://www.paragonsdc.com/paragon_projects_09.php |archivedate=24 June 2011 |df= }}
* {{cite web|title=Press Release – Paragon Space Development Corporation Completes All Development Milestones on the NASA Commercial Crew Development Program|url=http://www.paragonsdc.com/press_paragon-completes-Milestones-NASA-CCDev.php|publisher=Paragon Space Development Corporation|accessdate=November 25, 2012|ref=Paragon}}
* {{cite book | title=Space, Biology, and Medicine, vol. II: Life Support and Habitability|publisher=American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics|first1=F.M.|last1= Sulzman |first2= A.M. |last2=Genin|year=1994|ref=harv}}
==
* Eckart, Peter. ''Spaceflight Life Support and Biospherics''. Torrance, CA: Microcosm Press; 1996. {{ISBN|1-881883-04-3}}.
* Larson, Wiley J. and Pranke, Linda K., eds. ''Human Spaceflight: Mission Analysis and Design''. New York: McGraw Hill; 1999. {{ISBN|0-07-236811-X}}.
* Reed, Ronald D. and Coulter, Gary R. ''Physiology of Spaceflight'' – Chapter 5: 103–132.
* Eckart, Peter and Doll, Susan. ''Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS)'' – Chapter 17: 539–572.
* Griffin, Brand N., Spampinato, Phil, and Wilde, Richard C. ''Extravehicular Activity Systems'' – Chapter 22: 707–738.
* Wieland, Paul O., ''[https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19940022934 Designing for Human Presence in Space: An Introduction to Environmental Control and Life Support Systems]''. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA Reference Publication RP-1324, 1994
== Enllaços externs ==
* [http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/technology/sts-newsref/sts_eclss.html Environmental Control and Life Support System (NASA-KSC)]
* [http://www.nasa.gov/vision/space/livinginspace/eclss_2007.html Dedication and Perspiration Builds the Next Generation Life Support System (NASA, Fall 2007)]
* [http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/aeronautics-and-astronautics/16-423j-aerospace-biomedical-and-life-support-engineering-spring-2006/ Aerospace Biomedical and Life Support Engineering (MIT OpenCourseWare page – Spring 2006)]
* [http://www.purdue.edu/dp/spaceclass/ Space Advanced Life Support (Purdue course page – Spring 2004)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070715204221/http://advlifesupport.jsc.nasa.gov/ Advanced Life support for missions to Mars]
* [http://www.marsjournal.org/contents/2006/0005/files/rapp_mars_2006_0005.pdf Mars Advanced Life Support]
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12481808&dopt=Abstract Mars Life Support Systems]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070804184526/http://oregonstate.edu/~atwaterj/als_mars.htm Publications on Mars Life Support Systems]
* [http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/astronauts/living_hygiene.asp Personal Hygiene in Space] (Canadian Space Agency)
* [http://astrobotany.com/astrobotany Plants will Be Critical for Human Life Support Systems in Space]
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{{ORDENA:Sistema de suport vital}}
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