Haplogrup U (mtADN): diferència entre les revisions

Contingut suprimit Contingut afegit
m Esborro codi html resultat de copia/enganxa a la citació
Elimino codi HTML innecessari. Seccions finals segons VP:EA
Línia 144:
El llinatge U3 es troba també entre els [[Mozabits|Berbers Mozabites]] (10.59%), així com als egipcis dels oasis El-Hayez (2.9%) i Gurna (2.9%), i [[Algèria|Algerians]] a [[Orà]] (1.08%-1.25%).<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Martina Kujanova|author2=Luisa Pereira|author3=Veronica Fernandes|author4=Joana B. Pereira|author5=Viktor Cerny|title=Near Eastern Neolithic Genetic Input in a Small Oasis of the Egyptian Western Desert|journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology|date=2009|volume=140|issue=2|pages=336–346|doi=10.1002/ajpa.21078|pmid=19425100}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|ref={{harvid|Stevanovitch|2004}}|last1=Stevanovitch|first1=A.|last2=Gilles|first2=A.|last3=Bouzaid|first3=R. Kefi|last4=F. Paris, R. P. Gayraud, J. L. Spadoni, F. El-Chenawi, E. Béraud-Colomb|title=Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Diversity in a Sedentary Population from Egypt|journal=Annals of Human Genetics|date=January 2004|volume=68|issue=1|pages=23–39|doi=10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00057.x|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00057.x/epdf|accessdate=7 May 2016|pmid=14748828}}</ref> El rar llinatge U3a és present entre els [[Tuaregs]] habitant [[Níger]] (3.23%).<ref name="Pereira2010">{{cite journal|author1=Luísa Pereira|author2=Viktor Černý|author3=María Cerezo|author4=Nuno M Silva|author5=Martin Hájek|author6=Alžběta Vašíková|author7=Martina Kujanová|author8=Radim Brdička|author9=Antonio Salas|title=Linking the sub-Saharan and West Eurasian gene pools: maternal and paternal heritage of the Tuareg nomads from the African Sahel|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics|date=17 March 2010|volume=18|pages=915–923|doi=10.1038/ejhg.2010.21|url=http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v18/n8/full/ejhg201021a.html|accessdate=20 May 2016|pmid=20234393|pmc=2987384}}</ref>
 
L'haplogrup U3 ha estat trobat dins alguns de les restes de 6400 anys (U3a) descobertes a les coves a Wadi El‐Makkukh a prop de [[Jericó|Jericho]] associades amb lo període [[Eneolític|Calcolític]] .<ref name="S7-u3a">[http://www.rhodes.aegean.gr/maa_journal/1_Weiner.pdf], Ancient mtDNA sequences and radiocarbon dating of human bones from the Chalcolithic caves of Wadi El‐Makkukh,Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, Salamon et al. 2010</ref> L'haplogrup U3 era ja present dins el patrimoni genètic eurasiàtic occidental al voltant de 6,000 anys fa i probablement també el seu subllinatge U3a.
 
==== Haplogrup U4 ====
L'haplogrup U4 té el seu origen fa entre 21,000 i 14,000 anys. La seva distribució és associada
amb lo [[Collcoll d'ampolla (biologia)|coll d'ampolla]] a causa del [[Refugis del darrer màxim glacial|darrer màxim glacial]].<ref name="S7-U4-Tracing">[http://www.stats.gla.ac.uk/~vincent/papers/richards_2000.pdf], Tracing European Founder Lineages in the Near Eastern mtDNA Pool, Richards et al. 2000</ref>
 
U4 ha estat trobat en ADN antic, i és relativament rar en poblacions modernes, tot i que és trobat en proporcions substancials dins qualques poblacions indígenes d'Àsia del nord i d'Europa del nord, essent associat amb els romanents antics de caçadors-recol.lectors europeus conservats en les poblacions autòctones de Sibèria.<ref name="S7-U4-ancient">[http://www.academia.edu/5385754/Neolithic_pots_and_potters_in_Europe_the_end_of_demic_diffusion_migratory_model], TNeolithic pots and potters in Europe: the end of ‘demic diffusion’ migratory mode, Mihael Budja 2013</ref><ref name="S7-U4-relatively-rare">[http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0010285], The Peopling of Europe from the Mitochondrial Haplogroup U5 Perspective, Malyarchuk et al. 2010</ref><ref name="S7-1">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3573127/], Ancient DNA Reveals Prehistoric Gene-Flow from Siberia in the Complex Human Population History of North East Europe, Sarkissian et al. 2013</ref><ref name="S7-2">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2976717/], Ancient DNA from European Early Neolithic Farmers Reveals Their Near Eastern Affinities, Haak et al. 2010</ref><ref name="S7-Mansi">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC379094/], Traces of Early Eurasians in the Mansi of Northwest Siberia Revealed by Mitochondrial DNA, Derbeneva et al. 2002</ref> U4 és trobat en el poble Nganasan de la península del Taymyr, en els [[Mansis|Mansi]] (16.3%) un poble en perill d'extició, i en els Ket (28.9%) del riu Yenisei.<ref name="S7-u4-Nganasan-02">[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000292970800253X], Mitochondrial Genome Diversity in Arctic Siberians, with Particular Reference to the Evolutionary History of Beringia and Pleistocenic Peopling of the Americas, Volodko et al. 2008</ref> És trobat dins Europa amb les concentracions més altes dins Escandinàvia i els estats bàltics i és trobat als [[Samis|Sami]] de la península escandinava (tot i que U5b té una representació més alta).<ref name="S7-U4-Scan">[http://www.oxfordancestors.com/content/view/35/55], Maternal Ancestry: The clan of Ulrike, Oxford Ancestors, 2013</ref><ref name="S7-sami">[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_genetics_of_the_Sami Population genetics of the Sami], Population genetics of the Sami</ref><ref name="S7-U4-Sykes-01">[http://www.oxfordancestors.com/content/view/35/55], Oxford Ancestors Ltd. </ref>
Línia 165:
El subllinatge U7a és especialment freqüent entre els Saudites, constituint al voltant del 30% dels llinatges materns a la Província oriental.<ref name="Farrell2013">{{cite web|last1=J J. Farrell|title=The Saudi Arabian Genome Reveals a Two Step Out-of-Africa Migration|url=http://www.ashg.org/2013meeting/abstracts/fulltext/f130122833.htm|publisher=ASHG|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
 
El subllinatge U7a4 apunta a un origen a l' [[Orient Pròxim]]. Té les máximes freqüencies entre els actuals habitants de [[Azerbaidjan|l'Azerbaidjan]] (26%) i [[Àzeris iranians|dels àzeris iranians]] (16-22%), mentre que es troba a la resta de l'Iran a freqüències del 2-16%, amb una moderada freqüència de 14-17% a la part occidental de l'[[Iraq|l'Iraq]] i 1-19% a la [[Aràbia|Península Aràbiga]]. A freqüències inferiors també es troba al [[Turkmenistan]] (2-10%), a la part occidental del [[Kazakhstan]] (2-10%), [[República Àrab Siriana|Síria]] (3-7%), [[Uzbekistan]] (2-6%), c[[Anatòlia Central|entrecentre de la península d'Anatòlia]] (2-4%), s[[Panjab|ud del Punjab]] (1-2%), i a l'[[Afganistan|l'Afganistan]] (0-2%). U7a4 també ha estat observat en un exemplar a [[Toscana|la Toscana]] i altres dos en [[Rússia europea|Rússia Europea]]. Es presumeix que aquest subllinatge va ser portat a la Toscana per la [[Etruscs|civilització Etrusca]]. Es creu que els actuals habitants de la Toscana han conservat qualque cosa d'aquest llegat genètic.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Alberto Gómez-Carballa|author2=Jacobo Pardo-Seco|author3=Jorge Amigo|author4=Federico Martinón-Torres|author5=Antonio Salas|title=Mitogenomes from The 1000 Genome Project Reveal New Near Eastern Features in Present-Day Tuscans|date=18 March 2015|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0119242|url=http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0119242|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=10|pages=e0119242|pmid=25786119|pmc=4365045}}</ref>
 
==== Haplogrup U8 ====
Línia 174:
==== Haplogrup U9 ====
L'Haplogrup U9 és un rar llinatge en la filogènia del mtADN, trobat només recentment a qualques poblacions del Pakistan (Quintana-Murci et al. 2004). La seva presència a Etiòpia i Iemen, juntament amb alguns llinatges M específics d l'Índia dins la mostra Iemenita, apunta a flux gènic al llarg de la costa de la Mar d'Aràbia. Els haplogrups U9 i U4 comparteixen dos mutacions comunes als arrels de la seva filogènia. És interessant que, al Pakistan, U9 es produeix sovint només entre els anomenats [[Habshis|Makrani]]. En aquesta població particular, els llinatges específics de parts de l'Àfrica oriental es produeixen tant sovint com un 39%, la qual cosa suggereix que els llinatges U9 al Pakistan podrien tenir un origen a aquesta zona (Quintana-Murci et al. 2004). Independentment de que part de la costa de la Mar d'Aràbia pot haver estat l'origen de U9, La seva distribució a Etiopía-Arabia del sud- conca del Indus suggereix que la diversificació del subllinatge U4 podria haver ocorregut en regions allunyades de l'àrea actual de més alta diversitat i freqüència del haplogrup U4—Europa de l'est i Sibèria occidental.<ref name="U9">{{cite journal|author=Kivisild, Toomas|title=Ethiopian mitochondrial DNA heritage: tracking gene flow across and around the gate of tears|journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics|pages=752–770|year=2004|doi=10.1086/425161|last2=Reidla|first2=Maere|last3=Metspalu|first3=Ene|last4=Rosa|first4=Alexandra|last5=Brehm|first5=Antonio|last6=Pennarun|first6=Erwan|last7=Parik|first7=Jüri|last8=Geberhiwot|first8=Tarekegn|last9=Usanga|first9=Esien|last10=Villems|first10=Richard|volume=75|issue=5|pmc=1182106|pmid=15457403|display-authors=8}}</ref>
 
== Referències ==
{{referències}}
 
== Vegeu també ==
Linha 180 ⟶ 183:
* Genètica mitocondrial humana
* [[Genètica de poblacions|Genètica de població]]
{{Haplogrups mitocondrials humans}}
 
{{Haplogrups mitocondrials humans}}
== Referències ==
{{reflist|30em}}
* {{cite journal|vauthors=Behar DM, van Owen M, Rosset, Metspalu M, et al.|title=A "Copernican" reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root|journal=Am J Hum Genet|volume=90|issue=4|pages=675–684|year=2012|pmid=22482806|doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.03.002|pmc=3322232}}
<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to an article in a magazine or journal, using the provided source information (e.g. journal name, author, title, issue, URL) and various formatting options.">Cite journal</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; recommended only when date parameter format is YYYY-MM-DD and a CITEREF disambiguator is needed" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">2012</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the article; can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotes." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">A "Copernican" reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="journal" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Journal</span><span data-key="journal" title="Name of the source journal; may be wikilinked; displays in italics; alias of 'work'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="journal" style="position: relative;">Am J Hum Genet</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="volume" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Volume</span><span data-key="volume" title="For one publication published in several volumes" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="volume" style="position: relative;">90</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="issue" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Issue</span><span data-key="issue" title="Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="issue" style="position: relative;">4</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pages" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Pages</span><span data-key="pages" title="Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pages" style="position: relative;">675–684</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="doi" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">DOI</span><span data-key="doi" title="Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="doi" style="position: relative;">10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.03.002</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pmc" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">PMC</span><span data-key="pmc" title="PubMed Center article number" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pmc" style="position: relative;">3322232</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pmid" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">PMID</span><span data-key="pmid" title="PubMed Unique Identifier" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pmid" style="position: relative;">22482806</div></div></div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to an article in a magazine or journal, using the provided source information (e.g. journal name, author, title, issue, URL) and various formatting options.">Cite journal</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; recommended only when date parameter format is YYYY-MM-DD and a CITEREF disambiguator is needed" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">2012</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the article; can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotes." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">A "Copernican" reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="journal" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Journal</span><span data-key="journal" title="Name of the source journal; may be wikilinked; displays in italics; alias of 'work'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="journal" style="position: relative;">Am J Hum Genet</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="volume" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Volume</span><span data-key="volume" title="For one publication published in several volumes" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="volume" style="position: relative;">90</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="issue" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Issue</span><span data-key="issue" title="Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="issue" style="position: relative;">4</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pages" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Pages</span><span data-key="pages" title="Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pages" style="position: relative;">675–684</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="doi" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">DOI</span><span data-key="doi" title="Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="doi" style="position: relative;">10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.03.002</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pmc" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">PMC</span><span data-key="pmc" title="PubMed Center article number" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pmc" style="position: relative;">3322232</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pmid" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">PMID</span><span data-key="pmid" title="PubMed Unique Identifier" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pmid" style="position: relative;">22482806</div></div></div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to an article in a magazine or journal, using the provided source information (e.g. journal name, author, title, issue, URL) and various formatting options.">Cite journal</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; recommended only when date parameter format is YYYY-MM-DD and a CITEREF disambiguator is needed" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">2012</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the article; can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotes." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">A "Copernican" reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="journal" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Journal</span><span data-key="journal" title="Name of the source journal; may be wikilinked; displays in italics; alias of 'work'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="journal" style="position: relative;">Am J Hum Genet</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="volume" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Volume</span><span data-key="volume" title="For one publication published in several volumes" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="volume" style="position: relative;">90</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="issue" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Issue</span><span data-key="issue" title="Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="issue" style="position: relative;">4</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pages" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Pages</span><span data-key="pages" title="Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pages" style="position: relative;">675–684</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="doi" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">DOI</span><span data-key="doi" title="Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="doi" style="position: relative;">10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.03.002</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pmc" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">PMC</span><span data-key="pmc" title="PubMed Center article number" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pmc" style="position: relative;">3322232</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pmid" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">PMID</span><span data-key="pmid" title="PubMed Unique Identifier" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pmid" style="position: relative;">22482806</div></div></div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to an article in a magazine or journal, using the provided source information (e.g. journal name, author, title, issue, URL) and various formatting options.">Cite journal</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; recommended only when date parameter format is YYYY-MM-DD and a CITEREF disambiguator is needed" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">2012</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the article; can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotes." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">A "Copernican" reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="journal" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Journal</span><span data-key="journal" title="Name of the source journal; may be wikilinked; displays in italics; alias of 'work'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="journal" style="position: relative;">Am J Hum Genet</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="volume" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Volume</span><span data-key="volume" title="For one publication published in several volumes" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="volume" style="position: relative;">90</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="issue" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Issue</span><span data-key="issue" title="Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="issue" style="position: relative;">4</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pages" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Pages</span><span data-key="pages" title="Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pages" style="position: relative;">675–684</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="doi" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">DOI</span><span data-key="doi" title="Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="doi" style="position: relative;">10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.03.002</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pmc" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">PMC</span><span data-key="pmc" title="PubMed Center article number" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pmc" style="position: relative;">3322232</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pmid" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">PMID</span><span data-key="pmid" title="PubMed Unique Identifier" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pmid" style="position: relative;">22482806</div></div></div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to an article in a magazine or journal, using the provided source information (e.g. journal name, author, title, issue, URL) and various formatting options.">Cite journal</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; recommended only when date parameter format is YYYY-MM-DD and a CITEREF disambiguator is needed" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">2012</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the article; can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotes." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">A "Copernican" reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="journal" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Journal</span><span data-key="journal" title="Name of the source journal; may be wikilinked; displays in italics; alias of 'work'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="journal" style="position: relative;">Am J Hum Genet</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="volume" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Volume</span><span data-key="volume" title="For one publication published in several volumes" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="volume" style="position: relative;">90</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="issue" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Issue</span><span data-key="issue" title="Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="issue" style="position: relative;">4</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pages" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Pages</span><span data-key="pages" title="Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pages" style="position: relative;">675–684</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="doi" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">DOI</span><span data-key="doi" title="Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="doi" style="position: relative;">10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.03.002</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pmc" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">PMC</span><span data-key="pmc" title="PubMed Center article number" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pmc" style="position: relative;">3322232</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pmid" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">PMID</span><span data-key="pmid" title="PubMed Unique Identifier" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pmid" style="position: relative;">22482806</div></div></div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to an article in a magazine or journal, using the provided source information (e.g. journal name, author, title, issue, URL) and various formatting options.">Cite journal</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; recommended only when date parameter format is YYYY-MM-DD and a CITEREF disambiguator is needed" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">2012</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the article; can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotes." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">A "Copernican" reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="journal" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Journal</span><span data-key="journal" title="Name of the source journal; may be wikilinked; displays in italics; alias of 'work'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="journal" style="position: relative;">Am J Hum Genet</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="volume" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Volume</span><span data-key="volume" title="For one publication published in several volumes" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="volume" style="position: relative;">90</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="issue" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Issue</span><span data-key="issue" title="Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="issue" style="position: relative;">4</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pages" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Pages</span><span data-key="pages" title="Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pages" style="position: relative;">675–684</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="doi" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">DOI</span><span data-key="doi" title="Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="doi" style="position: relative;">10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.03.002</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pmc" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">PMC</span><span data-key="pmc" title="PubMed Center article number" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pmc" style="position: relative;">3322232</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pmid" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">PMID</span><span data-key="pmid" title="PubMed Unique Identifier" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pmid" style="position: relative;">22482806</div></div></div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to an article in a magazine or journal, using the provided source information (e.g. journal name, author, title, issue, URL) and various formatting options.">Cite journal</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; recommended only when date parameter format is YYYY-MM-DD and a CITEREF disambiguator is needed" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">2012</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the article; can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotes." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">A "Copernican" reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="journal" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Journal</span><span data-key="journal" title="Name of the source journal; may be wikilinked; displays in italics; alias of 'work'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="journal" style="position: relative;">Am J Hum Genet</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="volume" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Volume</span><span data-key="volume" title="For one publication published in several volumes" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="volume" style="position: relative;">90</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="issue" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Issue</span><span data-key="issue" title="Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="issue" style="position: relative;">4</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pages" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Pages</span><span data-key="pages" title="Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pages" style="position: relative;">675–684</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="doi" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">DOI</span><span data-key="doi" title="Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="doi" style="position: relative;">10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.03.002</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pmc" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">PMC</span><span data-key="pmc" title="PubMed Center article number" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pmc" style="position: relative;">3322232</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pmid" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">PMID</span><span data-key="pmid" title="PubMed Unique Identifier" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pmid" style="position: relative;">22482806</div></div></div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to an article in a magazine or journal, using the provided source information (e.g. journal name, author, title, issue, URL) and various formatting options.">Cite journal</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; recommended only when date parameter format is YYYY-MM-DD and a CITEREF disambiguator is needed" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">2012</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the article; can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotes." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">A "Copernican" reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="journal" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Journal</span><span data-key="journal" title="Name of the source journal; may be wikilinked; displays in italics; alias of 'work'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="journal" style="position: relative;">Am J Hum Genet</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="volume" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Volume</span><span data-key="volume" title="For one publication published in several volumes" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="volume" style="position: relative;">90</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="issue" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Issue</span><span data-key="issue" title="Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="issue" style="position: relative;">4</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pages" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Pages</span><span data-key="pages" title="Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pages" style="position: relative;">675–684</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="doi" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">DOI</span><span data-key="doi" title="Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="doi" style="position: relative;">10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.03.002</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pmc" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">PMC</span><span data-key="pmc" title="PubMed Center article number" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pmc" style="position: relative;">3322232</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pmid" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">PMID</span><span data-key="pmid" title="PubMed Unique Identifier" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pmid" style="position: relative;">22482806</div></div></div></div>
 
== Enllaços Externs ==
{{EE}}
* General
** Ian Logan's [http://www.ianlogan.co.uk/mtDNA.htm Mitochondrial DNA Site]
** Mannis van Oven's [http://www.phylotree.org Phylotree]
** {{cite journal|vauthors=Metspalu M, Kivisild T, Metspalu E, et al.|title=Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in south and southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by anatomically modern humans|journal=BMC Genetics|volume=5|pages=26|date=August 2004|pmid=15339343|pmc=516768|doi=10.1186/1471-2156-5-26|url=http://evolutsioon.ut.ee/publications/Metspalu2004.pdf|issue=1}}
<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to an article in a magazine or journal, using the provided source information (e.g. journal name, author, title, issue, URL) and various formatting options.">Cite journal</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="date" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Source date</span><span data-key="date" title="Date of the source; do not wikilink. As listed in the publication" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="date" style="position: relative;">August 2004</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the article; can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotes." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in south and southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by anatomically modern humans</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="url" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">URL</span><span data-key="url" title="The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type &quot;http://...&quot; or maybe even the &amp;nbsp;protocol relative scheme &quot;//...&quot;" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="url" style="position: relative;"><nowiki>http://evolutsioon.ut.ee/publications/Metspalu2004.pdf</nowiki></div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="journal" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Journal</span><span data-key="journal" title="Name of the source journal; may be wikilinked; displays in italics; alias of 'work'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="journal" style="position: relative;">BMC Genetics</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="volume" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Volume</span><span data-key="volume" title="For one publication published in several volumes" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="volume" style="position: relative;">5</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="issue" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Issue</span><span data-key="issue" title="Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="issue" style="position: relative;">1</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pages" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Pages</span><span data-key="pages" title="Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pages" style="position: relative;">26</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="doi" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">DOI</span><span data-key="doi" title="Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="doi" style="position: relative;">10.1186/1471-2156-5-26</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pmc" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">PMC</span><span data-key="pmc" title="PubMed Center article number" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pmc" style="position: relative;">516768</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pmid" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">PMID</span><span data-key="pmid" title="PubMed Unique Identifier" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pmid" style="position: relative;">15339343</div></div></div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to an article in a magazine or journal, using the provided source information (e.g. journal name, author, title, issue, URL) and various formatting options.">Cite journal</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="date" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Source date</span><span data-key="date" title="Date of the source; do not wikilink. As listed in the publication" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="date" style="position: relative;">August 2004</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the article; can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotes." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in south and southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by anatomically modern humans</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="url" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">URL</span><span data-key="url" title="The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type &quot;http://...&quot; or maybe even the &amp;nbsp;protocol relative scheme &quot;//...&quot;" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="url" style="position: relative;"><nowiki>http://evolutsioon.ut.ee/publications/Metspalu2004.pdf</nowiki></div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="journal" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Journal</span><span data-key="journal" title="Name of the source journal; may be wikilinked; displays in italics; alias of 'work'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="journal" style="position: relative;">BMC Genetics</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="volume" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Volume</span><span data-key="volume" title="For one publication published in several volumes" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="volume" style="position: relative;">5</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="issue" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Issue</span><span data-key="issue" title="Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="issue" style="position: relative;">1</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pages" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Pages</span><span data-key="pages" title="Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pages" style="position: relative;">26</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="doi" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">DOI</span><span data-key="doi" title="Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="doi" style="position: relative;">10.1186/1471-2156-5-26</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pmc" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">PMC</span><span data-key="pmc" title="PubMed Center article number" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pmc" style="position: relative;">516768</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pmid" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">PMID</span><span data-key="pmid" title="PubMed Unique Identifier" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pmid" style="position: relative;">15339343</div></div></div></div>
* Haplogrup U
** The [http://www.familytreedna.com/public/mtDNA%20U/ mtDNA Haplogroup U Project]  Family Tree DNA