Tribadisme: diferència entre les revisions

 

=== Etimologia i ús ===

The term ''tribadism'' derives from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word τριβάς (''tribas''), "a woman who practises unnatural vice with herself or with other women",<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dtriba%2Fs τριβάς], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'' on Perseus</ref> which derives from the verb τρίβω (''tribō''), "rub".<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dtri%2Fbw τρίβω], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'' on Perseus</ref> In ancient Greek and [[Sexuality in ancient Rome|Roman sexuality]], a tribas, or tribade (IPA:{{IPA|/ˈtrɪbəd/ /tribad/}}),<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary'' 2nd. Ed.</ref> was a woman or [[intersex]] individual who actively penetrated another person (male or female) through use of the [[clitoris]] or a [[dildo]]. The term ''tribade'' did not begin to refer exclusively to eroticism between women until [[Late Antiquity]].<ref name="Zimmerman"/><ref name="Halberstam"/> Because penetration was viewed as "male-defined" sexuality, a tribas was considered the most vulgar lesbian.<ref name="Penner"/><ref name="Halberstam"/><ref name="Norton">{{cite web|author=[[Rictor Norton]] |title=A Critique of Social Constructionism and Postmodern Queer Theory, "The 'Sodomite' and the 'Lesbian' |publisher=infopt.demon.co.uk |date=July 12, 2002 |accessdate=July 30, 2011 |url=http://www.infopt.demon.co.uk/social22.htm |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215084530/http://www.infopt.demon.co.uk/social22.htm |archivedate=February 15, 2008 }}</ref><ref name="Craven">{{cite book |author1=Sihvola, Juha |author2=Nussbaum, Martha Craven |title=The sleep of reason: erotic experience and sexual ethics in ancient Greece and Rome |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |year=2002 |isbn=0-226-60915-4}}</ref> The Greeks and Romans recognized same-sex attraction, but as any sexual act was believed to require that one of the partners be "[[Phallus|phallic]]" and that therefore sexual activity between women was impossible without this feature, mythology popularly associated lesbians with either having enlarged clitorises or as incapable of enjoying sexual activity without the substitution of a phallus.<ref name="Blumenfeld">{{cite book|title =Looking at gay and lesbian life|publisher=Beacon Press|year=1993|page=93|isbn=0-8070-7923-5|accessdate=February 19, 2012|url=https://books.google.com/?id=WuJYskiyjEoC&pg=PA93|author=Warren J. Blumenfeld|author2=Diane Christine Raymond}}</ref><ref name="Skinner">"Invading the Roman Body: Manliness and Impenetrability in Roman Thought," pp. 30–31, and Pamela Gordon, "The Lover's Voice in ''Heroides'' 15: Or, Why Is Sappho a Man?," p. 283, both in ''Roman Sexualities''. {{cite book|title =Roman Sexualities|author=Marilyn B. Skinner|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1997|page=14|isbn=0-691-01178-8|accessdate=February 22, 2012|url=https://books.google.com/?id=1ZPC3TqBZEQC&pg=PA14}}</ref><ref name="Fredrick">"Look Who's Laughing at Sex: Men and Women Viewers in the ''Apodyterium'' of the Suburban Baths at Pompeii," in ''The Roman Gaze'', p. 168. The dildo is rarely mentioned in Roman sources, but was a popular comic item in Classical Greek literature and art; Richlin, "Sexuality in the Roman Empire," p. 351. {{cite book|title =The Roman Gaze: Vision, Power, and the Body|author=David Fredrick|publisher=JHU Press|year=2002|page=149|isbn=0-8018-6961-7|accessdate=February 22, 2012|url=https://books.google.com/?id=KmVd4I2qvhwC&pg=PA149}}</ref><ref name="Clarke">Martial 1.90 and 7.67, 50; Richlin, "Sexuality in the Roman Empire," p. 347. {{cite book|title =Looking at lovemaking: constructions of sexuality in Roman art, 100 B.C.-A.D. 250, Part 250|author=John R. Clarke|publisher=University of California Press|year=2001|page=55|isbn=0-520-22904-5|accessdate=February 22, 2012|url=https://books.google.com/?id=bwNdgd8cQcgC&pg=PA55}}</ref> This appears in Greek and [[Latin]] satires as early as the late first century.<ref name="Norton"/>