Fenitoïna: diferència entre les revisions

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{{Infotaula fàrmac}}
{{Drugbox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 457457901
| IUPAC_name = 5,5-diphenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione
| image = Phenytoin structure.svg
| alt = Structural formula of phenytoin
| width = 150
| image2 = Phenytoin 3D ball.png
| alt2 = Ball-and-stick model of the phenytoin molecule
| width2 = 160
<!-- Clinical data -->
| pronounce = {{IPAc-en|f|ə|ˈ|n|ɪ|t|oʊ|ᵻ|n}}; {{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|ɛ|n|ᵻ|t|ɔɪ|n}}
| tradename = Originally Dilantin, many names worldwide<ref name=genericnames/>
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|phenytoin}}
| MedlinePlus = a682022
| pregnancy_AU = D
| pregnancy_US = D
| legal_AU = S4
| legal_CA = Rx-only
| legal_UK = POM
| legal_US = Rx-only
| routes_of_administration = Oral, [[wikt:Parenteral|parenteral]]
<!-- Pharmacokinetic data -->
| bioavailability = 70–100% oral, 24.4% for rectal administration
| protein_bound = 95%<ref name=AHFS2015/>
| metabolism = [[liver]]
| onset = 10 to 30 min (IV)<ref name=Ros2010/>
| elimination_half-life = 10–22 hours<ref name=AHFS2015/>
| duration_of_action= 24 hr<ref name=Ros2010>{{cite book|last1=Marx|first1=John A.|title=Rosen's emergency medicine : concepts and clinical practice|date=2010|publisher=Mosby/Elsevier|location=Philadelphia|isbn=9780323054720|page=1352|edition=7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u7TNcpCeqx8C&pg=PA1352|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305025648/https://books.google.com/books?id=u7TNcpCeqx8C&pg=PA1352|archivedate=2016-03-05|df=}}</ref>
| excretion = Primarily through the bile, urinary
<!-- Identifiers -->
| IUPHAR_ligand = 2624
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CAS_number = 57-41-0
| ATC_prefix = N03
| ATC_suffix = AB02
| ATC_supplemental =
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 8107
| PubChem = 1775
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB00252
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 1710
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 6158TKW0C5
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D00512
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 16
<!-- Chemical data -->
| C=15 | H=12 | N=2 | O=2
| molecular_weight = 252.268 g/mol
| smiles = O=C2NC(=O)NC2(c1ccccc1)c3ccccc3
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C15H12N2O2/c18-13-15(17-14(19)16-13,11-7-3-1-4-8-11)12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10H,(H2,16,17,18,19)
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = CXOFVDLJLONNDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}}
<!-- Definition and medical uses -->
'''Fenitoïna''', '''Phenytoin''' ('''PHT'''), és un medicament [[anticonvulsiu]].<ref name=AHFS2015/> És útil per evitar les convulsions tònico-clòniques i la convulsió parcial, però no per la [[crisi d'absència]].<ref name=AHFS2015/> La forma intravenosa s'usa per [[status epilepticus]] que no millora amb les [[benzodiazepines]].<ref name=AHFS2015/> Es pot usar per certes arrítmies cardíaques o el dolor neuropàtic .<ref name=AHFS2015/>