Psicoanàlisi: diferència entre les revisions

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[[Fitxer:Freud and other psychoanalysts 1922.jpg|miniatura|Freud i altres psicoanalistes l'any 1922. D'esquerra a dreta, asseguts: [[Sigmund Freud]], [[Sándor Ferenczi]] i [[Hanns Sachs]]; dempeus: [[Otto Rank]], [[Karl Abraham]], [[Max Eitingon]] i [[Ernest Jones]].]]
La '''psicoanàlisi''' és res
La '''psicoanàlisi''' és un conjunt de teories i tècniques terapèutiques<ref>Merton M. Gill, [[American Mental Health Foundation]]: "What is psychoanalysis? Of course, one is supposed to answer that it is many things — a theory, a research method, a therapy, a body of knowledge. In what might be considered an unfortunately abbreviated description, Freud said that anyone who recognizes transference and resistance is a psychoanalyst, even if he comes to conclusions other than his own.&nbsp;... I prefer to think of the analytic situation more broadly, as one in which someone seeking help tries to speak as freely as he can to someone who listens as carefully as he can with the aim of articulating what is going on between them and why. David Rapaport (1967a) once defined the analytic situation as carrying the method of interpersonal relationship to its last consequences." Gill, Merton M. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090610013708/http://americanmentalhealthfoundation.org/a.php?id=38 "Psychoanalysis, Part 1: Proposals for the Future"], American Mental Health Foundation, archived 10 June 2009</ref> relacionades amb l'estudi de l'[[inconscient]],<ref>Jane Milton, Caroline Polmear, Julia Fabricius. ''A Short Introduction to Psychoanalysis''. SAGE, 2011, 27. "All psychoanalytic theories include the idea that unconscious thoughts and feelings are central in mental functioning."</ref> que conjuntament formen un mètode de tractament de trastorns en la [[salut mental]]. La disciplina fou establerta a principis de la [[dècada de 1890]] pel neuròleg austríac [[Sigmund Freud]], basant-se parcialment en la feina clínica de [[Josef Breuer]] i altres.
 
La '''psicoanàlisi''' és un conjunt de teories i tècniquesniques terapèutiques<ref>Merton M. Gill, [[American Mental Health Foundation]]: "What is psychoanalysis? Of course, one is supposed to answer that it is many things — a theory, a research method, a therapy, a body of knowledge. In what might be considered an unfortunately abbreviated description, Freud said that anyone who recognizes transference and resistance is a psychoanalyst, even if he comes to conclusions other than his own.&nbsp;... I prefer to think of the analytic situation more broadly, as one in which someone seeking help tries to speak as freely as he can to someone who listens as carefully as he can with the aim of articulating what is going on between them and why. David Rapaport (1967a) once defined the analytic situation as carrying the method of interpersonal relationship to its last consequences." Gill, Merton M. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090610013708/http://americanmentalhealthfoundation.org/a.php?id=38 "Psychoanalysis, Part 1: Proposals for the Future"], American Mental Health Foundation, archived 10 June 2009</ref> relacionades amb l'estudi de l'[[inconscient]],<ref>Jane Milton, Caroline Polmear, Julia Fabricius. ''A Short Introduction to Psychoanalysis''. SAGE, 2011, 27. "All psychoanalytic theories include the idea that unconscious thoughts and feelings are central in mental functioning."</ref> que conjuntament formen un mètode de tractament de trastorns en la [[salut mental]]. La disciplina fou establerta a principis de la [[dècada de 1890]] pel neuròleg austríac [[Sigmund Freud]], basant-se parcialment en la feina clínica de [[Josef Breuer]] i altres.
 
Freud va fer servir per primer cop el terme ''psicoanàlisi'' l'any 1896. ''Die Traumdeutung'' (''[[La interpretació dels somnis]]''), que el mateix Freud considerava la seva obra més significativa, va publicar-se el 1899.<ref>Gay, Peter. ''Freud: A Life for Our Time''. New York: W. W. Norton, 1988, 3–4, 103.</ref> Més endavant, la psicoanàlisi es va desenvolupar en direccions diferents, principalment gràcies a estudiants de Freud com [[Alfred Adler]] i [[Carl Gustav Jung]],{{efn|[[Alfred Adler]] va desenvolupar l'escola de pensament coneguda com a [[psicologia individual]], mentre [[Carl Jung]] va establir la [[psicologia analítica]].}} i per [[Neofreudisme|neofreudistes]] com [[Erich Fromm]], [[Karen Horney]] i [[Harry Stack Sullivan]].<ref>Birnbach, Martin. ''Neo-Freudian Social Philosophy'', Stanford University Press, 1961, 3.</ref> Freud va retenir el terme ''psicoanàlisi'' per la seva pròpia escola de pensament.<ref>Mitchell, Juliet. ''Psychoanalysis and Feminism: A Radical Reassessment of Freudian Psychoanalysis''. Penguin Books, 2000, 341.</ref> Els principis bàsics de la psicoanàlisi són: