Porta d'Ixtar: diferència entre les revisions

 

== Excavació i exposició ==

Mercès al material excavat per [[Robert Koldewey]] fins als 1930s, fou possible la [[reconstrucció (arquitectura)|reconstrucció]] de la Porta d'Ixtar i la via processional.<ref name="NatGeo">{{cite web|last1=Maso|first1=Felip|title= Inside the 30-Year Quest for Babylon's Ishtar Gate|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/archaeology-and-history/magazine/2017/11-12/history-babylon-ishtar-gate-quest/| website=National Geographic|accessdate=14 May 2018| date=5 January 2018}}</ref> Fa 14 metres d'alçada i 30 d'amplada. L'excavació va durar de 1902 a 1914, i, durant aquest període, es van excavar 14 metres dels fonaments de la porta.

 

 

The method that the British were comfortable with was excavating tunnels and deep trenches, which was damaging the mud brick architecture of the foundation. Instead, it was suggested that the excavation team focus on tablets and other artefacts rather than pick at the crumbling buildings. Despite the destructive nature of the archaeology used, the recording of data was immensely more thorough than in previous Mesopotamian excavations. Walter Andre, one of Koldewey's many assistants, was an architect and a draftsman, the first at Babylon. His contribution was documentation and reconstruction of Babylon. A small museum was built at the site, and Andre was the museum's first director.

 

One of the most complex and impressive architectural reconstructions in the history of archaeology was the rebuilding of Babylon's Ishtar Gate and Processional Way in Berlin. Hundreds of crates of glazed brick fragments were carefully desalinated and then pieced together. Fragments were combined with new bricks baked in a specially designed kiln to re-create the correct color and finish. It was a double gate; the part that is shown in the Pergamon Museum today is the smaller, frontal part.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bernbeck|first1=Reinhard|title=The exhibition of architecture and the architecture of an exhibition|journal=Archaeological Dialogues|date=5 January 2009|volume=7|issue=2|pages=98–125|doi=10.1017/S1380203800001665 }}</ref> The larger, back part was considered too large to fit into the constraints of the structure of the museum; it is in storage.

 

Parts of the gate and lions from the Processional Way are in various other museums around the world. Only four museums acquired dragons, while lions went to several museums. The [[Istanbul Archaeology Museum]] has lions, dragons, and bulls. [[Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek]] in Copenhagen, Denmark, has one lion, one dragon and one bull. The [[Detroit Institute of Arts]] houses a dragon. The [[Röhsska Museum]] in Gothenburg, Sweden, has one dragon and one lion; the [[Louvre]], the [[Staatliche Sammlung für Ägyptische Kunst|State Museum of Egyptian Art]] in Munich, the [[Kunsthistorisches Museum]] in Vienna, the [[Royal Ontario Museum]] in Toronto, the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] in New York, the [[Oriental Institute, Chicago|Oriental Institute]] in Chicago, the [[Rhode Island School of Design Museum]], the [[Museum of Fine Arts, Boston|Museum of Fine Arts]] in Boston, and the [[Yale University Art Gallery]] in New Haven, Connecticut, each have lions. One of the processional lions was recently loaned by Berlin's Vorderasiatisches Museum to the [[British Museum]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blog.britishmuseum.org/2013/12/19/a-loan-from-berlin-a-lion-from-babylon/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140127113356/http://blog.britishmuseum.org/2013/12/19/a-loan-from-berlin-a-lion-from-babylon/|url-status=dead|title=British Museum Website|archivedate=January 27, 2014}}</ref>