Dialèctica de la Il·lustració: diferència entre les revisions

Els autors van encunyar el terme&nbsp;''[[indústria cultural]]'', argumentant que en una societat capitalista de masses, la cultura es produeix de manera estandarditzada, com si foren béns produïts a una fàbrica.<ref>[https://books.google.comcat/books?id=l-75zLjGlZQC&pg=PA94 pp. 94–5] quotation:{{quotation|Culture today is infecting everything with sameness. Film, radio, and magazines form a system. Each branch of culture is unanimous within itself and all are unanimous together. Even the aesthetic manifestations of political opposites proclaim the same inflexible rhythm...All mass culture under monopoly is identical... Films and radio no longer need to present themselves as art. The truth that they are nothing but business is used as an ideology to legitimize the trash they intentionally produce.}}</ref> Aquests productes culturals estandarditzats&nbsp;manipulen la societat de masses, portant-la a la docilitat i la passivitat.<ref>[https://books.google.comcat/books?id=l-75zLjGlZQC&pg=PA95 pp. 94–5] quotation:{{quotation|...The standardized forms, it is claimed, where originally derived from the needs of the consumers: that is why they are accepted with so little resistance. In reality, a cycle of manipulation and retroactive need is unifying the system ever more tightly.}}</ref>&nbsp;Així doncs, l'aparició de mitjans com la ràdio faran que els oients ja no tinguen cap mecanisme de contestació o resposta, com si que el tenien amb el telèfon. El públic esdevenia un receptor passiu exposat a escoltar "els mateixos programes per diferents emissores".<ref>[https://books.google.comcat/books?id=l-75zLjGlZQC&pg=PA95 pp. 95–6] quotation:{{quotation|The step from telephone to radio has clearly distinguished the roles. The former liberally permitted the participant to play the role of subject. The latter democratically makes everyone equally into listeners, in order to expose them in authoritarian fashion to the same programs put out by different stations. No mechanism of reply has been developed...}}</ref>