Procedent del [[programa espacial soviètic]] fundat als anys cinquanta, Roscosmos va sorgir després de la [[dissolució de la Unió Soviètica]] el 1991. Inicialment va començar com a '''Agència spacial russa''',<ref group="Note">{{lang-ru|Российское космическое агентство}} ''Rossiískoie kosmítxeskoie aguentstvo'', abreujadament '''RKA''', {{lang-ru|РКА}}, </ref>que es va crear el 25 de febrer de 1992.<ref name=":0">[https://www.roscosmos.ru/9156/ 25 февраля 1992 года образовано Российское космическое агентство, в настоящее время – Федеральное космическое агентство (Роскосмос).]</ref>and restructured in 1999 and 2004, as the Russian Aviation and Space Agency<ref group="Note">{{lang-ru|Российское авиационно-космическое агентство}}, ''Rossiyskoye aviatsionno-kosmicheskoye agentstvo'', commonly known as {{lang|ru-Latn|Rosaviakosmos}} ({{lang-ru|Росавиакосмос}}), established on 25 May 1999.</ref> and the Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos), respectively.<ref group="Note">{{lang-ru|Федеральное космическое агентство}} (Роскосмос), ''Federalnoye kosmicheskoye agentstvo (Roskosmos)''.</ref><ref name=":0" /> In 2015, the Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) was merged with the [[United Rocket and Space Corporation]], a government corporation, to re-nationalize the [[Space industry of Russia|Russian space industry]], leading to Roscosmos in its current form.<ref>[https://ria.ru/20151228/1350445947.html Путин подписал указ об упразднении Федерального космического агентства.]</ref><ref name="Avaneesh Pandey">{{cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/russias-federal-space-agency-dissolved-responsibilities-be-transferred-state-2240831 |title=Russia's Federal Space Agency Dissolved, Responsibilities To Be Transferred To State Corporation |author=Avaneesh Pandey |date=28 December 2015 |work=[[International Business Times]] }}</ref><ref name="financialexpress.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/article/lifestyle/science/vladimir-putin-abolishes-russian-space-agency-roscosmos/184669/|title=Vladimir Putin abolishes Russian space agency Roscosmos |date=28 December 2015 |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101123217/http://www.financialexpress.com/article/lifestyle/science/vladimir-putin-abolishes-russian-space-agency-roscosmos/184669/ |archive-date=1 January 2016 }}</ref>
Roscosmos is headquartered in [[Moscow]], with its main [[RKA Mission Control Center|Mission Control Center]] in the nearby city of [[Korolyov (city)|Korolyov]], and the [[Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center]] located in [[Star City, Russia|Star City]] in [[Moscow Oblast]]. Its launch facilities include [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]] in [[Kazakhstan]], the world's first and largest spaceport, and [[Vostochny Cosmodrome]], which is being built in the [[Russian Far East]] in [[Amur Oblast]]. Its [[List of Heads of Roscosmos|director]] since May 2018 is [[Dmitry Rogozin]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.satellitetoday.com/launch/2015/01/23/russia-merges-united-rocket-and-space-corporation-with-roscosmos/ |title=Russia Merges United Rocket and Space Corporation with Roscosmos |publisher=Via Satellite |date=23 January 2015 |access-date=10 February 2015 }}</ref>
