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{{Traducció|en|Wakhan}}
{{Merge|Wakhan Corridor|date=October 2010}}[[File:Wakhan, Badakhshan.jpg|thumb|The [[Wakhan Corridor]]|200px|right]]
[[File:Wakhan, Badakhshan.jpg|thumb|El [[Corredor De]] WAKHAN|200px|bé]]
'''Wakhan''' or "the Wakhan" (also spelt '''Vakhan'''; [[Persian language|Persian]], and {{lang-ps|واخان}}, {{lang-tg|Вахон}}) is a very mountainous and rugged part of the [[Pamir Mountains|Pamir]] and [[Karakoram]] regions of [[Afghanistan]]. [[Wakhan District]] is a [[Districts of Afghanistan|district]] in [[Badakshan Province]].
'''Wakhan''' o "el Wakhan" (també espelta '''Vakhan'''; [[Persa]], i {{Merge|Wakhan Corridor|date=October 2010}}, {{lang-ps|واخان}}) és una part molt muntanyosa i tosca de les regions de [[Pamir]] i [[Karakoram]] de l'[[Afganistan]]. El [[Districte De Wakhan]] és un [[districte]] en [[Província de Badakhshan|Província De Badakshan]].
==Geography==
== Geografia ==
[[File:Vakhan (Wakhan) Corridor.jpg|thumb|The Wakhan and surrounding areas along the border of Afghanistan and Tajikistan|300px|right]]
[[File:Vakhan (Wakhan) Corridor.jpg|thumb|El Wakhan i àrees circumdants al llarg de la frontera de l'Afganistan i Tadjikistan|300px|bé]]
The Wakhan is located in the extreme north-east of Afghanistan. It contains the headwaters of the [[Amu Darya]] ([[Oxus]]) River, and was an ancient corridor for travellers from the [[Tarim Basin]] to [[Badakshan]].
El Wakhan està situat en extrem cap al nord oriental de l'Afganistan. Conté els headwaters de l'[[Amudarià|Amu Darya]] [[Amudarià|(oxus)]] Riu, i era un corredor antic per a viatgers des de la [[Conca del Tarim|Pica De Tarim]] fins a [[Badakhxan|Badakshan]].
Until 1883 the Wakhan included the whole valley of the [[Panj River]] and the [[Pamir River]], as well as the upper flow of the Panj River known as the [[Wakhan River]].<ref>[http://www.juldu.com/Pamir/2%20-%20Significance%20of%20Geopolitical%20Issues%20(Eng).pdf Hermann Kreutzmann (2005): ''The Significance of Geopolitical Issues for Development of Mountainous Areas of Central Asia] Map at p.12</ref> An 1873 agreement between [[United Kingdom|Britain]] and [[Russia]] split the Wakhan by delimiting spheres of influence for the two countries at the Panj and Pamir rivers, and an agreement between Britain and Afghanistan in 1893 confirmed the new border.<ref name="law.fsu.edu">[http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/LimitsinSeas/IBS026.pdf International Boundary Study of the Afghanistan-USSR Boundary (1983)] by the US [[Bureau of Intelligence and Research]]</ref> Since then, the name Wakhan is now generally used to refer to the Afghan area south of the two rivers. The northern part of the historic Wakhan is now part of the [[Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province]] in [[Tajikistan]].
Fins a 1883 el Wakhan incloïa la vall sencera del [[Riu De Panj]] i el [[Riu De Pamir]], així com el flux superior del Riu Panj conegut com el [[Riu De Wakhan]].<Ref>[% de http://www.juldu.com/Pamir/2 20-%20Significance% 20of% 20Geopolitical% 20Issues% 20(Eng).pdf Hermann Kreutzmann (2005): ' ' els Importància d'Assumptes Geopolítics per al Desenvolupament d'Àrees Muntanyoses d'Àsia Central] Mapa a p.12</ref>Un acord de 1873 entre la divisió de [[Regne Unit|Gran bretanya]] i [[Rússia]] el Wakhan delimitant esferes d'influència per als dos països als rius de Panj i Pamir, i un acord entre la Gran Bretanya i l'Afganistan dins 1893 confirmava la frontera nova.<Ref name="law.fsu.edu">[Estudi de Límit Internacional de http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/LimitsinSeas/Ibs026.pdf del Límit d'Afghanistan-Ussr (1983)] pel Nosaltres [[Oficina D'intel·ligència I La Recerca]]</ref> Des de llavors, el nom que Wakhan és ara generalment se solia referir al sud d'àrea afganès dels dos rius. La part del nord del Wakhan històric és ara part de la [[Gorno-Badakhshan|Província Autònoma De Gorno-badakhshan]] a [[Tadjikistan]].
The only road into the Wakhan is a rough track from [[Ishkashim, Afghanistan|Ishkashim]] past [[Qila-e Panja]] to [[Sarhad-e Broghil]]. Paths lead from the end of the road to the [[Wakhjir Pass]], a mountain pass leading to China which is closed to travellers.
L'única carretera al Wakhan és una pista aproximada des del passat d'[[Ishkashim]] [[Qila-e Panja]] fins a [[Sarhad-e Broghil]]. Iniciativa de camins des del final de la carretera al [[Pas De]] WAKHJIR, un port de muntanya interlineat a la Xina que està tancat per a viatgers.
The western part of the Wakhan, between Ishkashim and Qila-e Panja, is known as ''Lower Wakhan'', which includes the valley of the Panj River. The valleys of the Wakhan River, the Pamir River and their tributaries, and the terrain between, are known as ''Upper Wakhan''.
La part occidental del Wakhan, entre Ishkashim i el Qila-e Panja, es coneix com ''Lower Wakhan'', quin inclou la vall del Riu Panj. Les valls del Riu Wakhan, el Riu Pamir i els seus afluents, i el terreny entre, són sabuts com ''Upper Wakhan'' .
The eastern extremity of Upper Wakhan is known as the ''Pamir Knot'', the area where the [[Himalayas]], [[Tian Shan]], [[Karakoram]], [[Kunlun Mountains|Kunlun]], and [[Hindu Kush]] ranges meet. West of the Pamir Knot is the [[Little Pamir]], a broad U-shaped grassy valley 100 km long and 10 km wide,<ref>[http://www.akdn.org/publications/2010_akf_wakhan.pdf Aga Khan Development Network (2010): ''Wakhan and the Afghan Pamir''] p.3</ref> which contains Chaqmaqtin Lake, the headwaters of the Aksu or [[Murghab River (Tajikistan)|Murghab River]]. At the eastern end of the Little Pamir is the Tegermansu Valley, from where the closed Tegermansu Pass (4,827 m) leads to China. The [[Great Pamir]] or ''Big Pamir'', a valley 60 km long valley south of [[Zorkol]] lake, drained by the Pamir River, lies to the northwest of the Little Pamir.
L'extremitat oriental d'Upper Wakhan se sap com el ''Pamir Knot'', l'àrea on els [[Himàlaia|Himalayas]], [[Tian Shan]], [[Karakoram]], [[Kunlun]], i les gammes d'[[Hindu Kush]] es troben. L'Oest del Nus Pamir és el [[Poc Pamir]], que una vall amb herba U-Shaped ampla 100 km desitja i 10 km ample,<ref>[Xarxa de Desenvolupament de http://www.akdn.org/publications/2010_akf_wakhan.pdf Aga Khan (2010): ''Wakhan i el Pamir afganès'' ] p.3</ref>que conté Chaqmaqtin Lake, els headwaters de l'Aksu o [[Riu De Murghab]]. Al final oriental del Poc Pamir és la Vall Tegermansu, des d'on el Pas Tegermansu tancat (4 m de,827) condueix a la Xina. El [[Gran Pamir]] o ''Big Pamir'', un sud de vall llarga de 60 km de valls de llac de [[Zorkol]], drenat pel Riu Pamir, menteix al nord-oest del Pamir Petit.
The mountain range that divides the two Pamirs is known as the [[Nicholas Range (Pamir Mountains)|Nicholas Range]].<ref name=ju>[http://www.juldu.com/Pamir/geography.html Pamir and Wakhan Geography]</ref> West of the Nicholas Range, between the Great Pamir and the lower valley of the Wakhan River, is the ''Wakhan Range'', which culminates in the ''Koh-e Pamir'' (6,320 m).
La serralada que divideix els dos Pamirs es coneix com la [[Gamma De Nicholas]].<Ref name=ju>[http://www.juldu.com/Pamir/geography.html Pamir i Geografia Wakhan]</ref> Oest de la Gamma de Nicholas, entre el Gran Pamir i la vall més baixa del Riu Wakhan, és el ''Gamma Wakhan'', que culmina en el ''Koh-e Pamir'' (6 m de,320).
=== Wakhan Corridor ===
=== Corredor Wakhan ===
{{Main|Wakhan Corridor}}
{{lang-tg|Вахон}}
The Wakhan is connected to [[Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County|Tashkurgan Tajik County]], [[China]] by a long, narrow strip called the Wakhan Corridor, which separates the [[Gorno-Badakhshan]] region of [[Tajikistan]] from the [[North-West Frontier Province]] and [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] of Pakistan.[[File:Wakhan Corridor.jpg|thumb|left|340px|Wakhan between Kashmir and Tajikistan]]
El Wakhan està connectat a [[Comtat De Tashkurgan Tajik]], [[Xina]] per una banda llarga, estreta anomenada el Corredor Wakhan, que separa la regió de [[Gorno-Badakhshan|Gorno-badakhshan]] de [[Tadjikistan]] de la [[Província de la Frontera del Nord-oest|Província De Frontera Cap Al Nord Occidental]] i [[Gilgit-baltistan]] del Pakistan. [[File:Wakhan Corridor.jpg|thumb|deixat|340px|Wakhan entre Kashmir i Tadjikistan]]
The Wakhan River flows through the corridor from the east to Qila-e Panja where it joins the Pamir River to become the Panj River which then forms the border.
El Riu Wakhan flueix a través del corredor des de l'est fins a Qila-e Panja on uneix el Riu Pamir per convertir-se en el Riu Panj que llavors forma la frontera.
In the south the corridor is bordered by the high mountains of the [[Hindu Kush]], crossed by the [[Broghol]] pass, the [[Irshad Pass]] and the disused [[Dilisang Pass]]<ref>The pass was crossed by a couple in 1950 and by a couple in 2004. See [http://www.mockandoneil.com/stg04r2.htm J.Mock and K. O'Neil: Expedition Report]</ref> to [[Pakistan]].
Al sud fan frontera amb el corredor les muntanyes altes del [[Hindu Kush|Kush D'hindú]], creuat pel pas de [[Broghol]], l'[[Irshad Passa]] i el [[Dilisang]] disused PASSA<ref>El pas era creuat per un parell el 1950 i per un parell el 2004. Vegi [http://www.mockandoneil.com/stg04r2.htm J.Mock i K. O'Neil: Informe d'Expedició]</ref>al [[Pakistan]].
==History==
== Història ==
{{See also|Durand Line}}
{{Principal|Durand Line}}
Historically the Wakhan has been an important region for thousands of years as it is where the Western and Eastern portions of Central Asia meet.
Històricament el Wakhan ha estat una regió important per a milers d'anys com és on es troben les porcions Occidentals i Orientals d'Àsia Central.
Western Wakhan (休密 ''Xiumi'') was conquered in the early part of the 1st century CE by [[Kujula Kadphises]], the first "Great Kushan," and was one of the five ''xihou'' or principalities that formed the nucleus of the original [[Kushan]] kingdom.<ref>[http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/hhshu/hou_han_shu.html Hill, John E. 2004. ''The Western Regions according to the Hou Hanshu.'' Draft annotated English translation.] Chapter 13</ref>
Wakhan occidental ( ''Xiumi'' ) era conquerit en la primera part del 1r segle Ce per [[Kujula Kadphises]], el primer "Gran Kushan", i era un dels cinc ''xihou'' o principalities que formaven el nucli del regne de [[Imperi Kushan|Kushan]] original.<Ref>[Turó de http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/hhshu/hou_han_shu.html, John E. 2004. ''Les Regions Occidentals segons l'Hou Hanshu.'' Esborrany traducció anglesa anotada.] Capítol 13 </ref>.
Until 1883 Wakhan was a principality on both sides of the Panj and Pamir Rivers, ruled by a hereditary ruler (''mir'') with his capital at [[Qila-e Panja]].<ref name =kreutzmann2003>[http://www.juldu.com/Pamir/HERMANN%20KREUTZMANN.pdf Hermann Kreutzmann (2003) ''Ethnic minorities and marginality in the Pamirian Knot'']</ref> In the 1880s, under pressure from [[United Kingdom|Britain]], [[Abdur Rahman Khan]] the Emir of Afghanistan imposed Afghan rule on the Wakhan.<ref>*[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/aftoc.html Library of Congress - Country Study of Afghanistan]</ref>
Fins a 1883 Wakhan era un principality en els dos costats del Panj i Pamir Rivers, governat per un governant hereditari (''mir'') amb la seva capital a [[Qila-e Panja]]. Nom de<ref =kreutzmann2003>[http://www.juldu.com/Pamir/Hermann%20Kreutzmann.pdf Hermann Kreutzmann (2003) ''Minories Ètniques i marginality al Nus Pamirian'' ]</ref> Durant els anys 1880, sota pressió de la [[Regne Unit|Gran bretanya]], [[Abdur Rahman Khan]] l'Emir de l'Afganistan imposava regla afganesa al Wakhan.<Ref>Biblioteca de *[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/aftoc.html de Congrés - Estudi de País de l'Afganistan] </ref>.
Agreements between Britain and [[Russia]] in 1873 and between Britain and Afghanistan in 1893 effectively split the historic area of Wakhan by making the Panj and Pamir Rivers the border between Afghanistan and the [[Russian Empire]].<ref name="law.fsu.edu"/> On its south side, the [[Durand Line]] agreement of 1893 marked the boundary between [[British India]] and Afghanistan. This left a narrow strip of land as a buffer between the two empires.
Els acords entre la Gran Bretanya i [[Rússia]] el 1873 i entre la Gran Bretanya i Afganistan el 1893 eficaçment parteixen l'àrea històrica de Wakhan fent el Panj i Pamir Rivers la frontera entre l'Afganistan i l'[[Imperi Rus]].<Ref name="law.fsu.edu"/> A la seva cara sud, l'acord de [[Línia]] de DURAND de 1893 marcava el límit entre [[Índia Britànica]] i l'Afganistan. Això deixava una banda estreta de terra com a memòria intermèdia entre els dos imperis.
In 1949, when [[Mao Zedong]] completed the Communist takeover of China, the borders were permanently closed, sealing off the 2,000-year-old caravan route and turning the corridor into a cul-de-sac. When the [[Soviet invasion of Afghanistan|Soviets invaded Afghanistan]] in December 1979, they occupied the Wakhan and built strong military posts at [[Sarhad-e Broghil]] and elsewhere. To facilitate access they built a bridge across the Pamir River at Prip, near [[Gaz Khan]]. However, the area did not see fighting.<ref name=unep/>
El 1949, quan completava [[Mao Zedong]] l'adquisició Comunista de la Xina, les fronteres estaven tancades permanentment, aïllant la ruta de caravana,000-any-vella de 2 i convertint el corredor en un atzucac. Quan els [[Guerra afganosoviètica|Soviètics Envaïen L'afganistan]] el desembre de 1979, ocupaven el Wakhan i construïen càrrecs militars forts a [[Sarhad-e Broghil]] i en qualsevol altre lloc. Per facilitar accés construïen un pont a través del Riu Pamir a Prip, prop de [[Gaz Khan]]. Tanmateix, l'àrea no veia baralla.<Ref name=unep/>
In 2010 the Wakhan was reported to be peaceful and unaffected by the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|war in the rest of Afghanistan]].<ref name ="NYT">{{cite news |title=In Icy Tip of Afghanistan, War Seems Remote |first=Edward |last=Wong|newspaper=The New York Times |date= 27 October 2010|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/28/world/asia/28wakhan.html|accessdate=October 28, 2010}}</ref>
El 2010 es declarava que el Wakhan era pacífic i insensible a la [[Guerra de l'Afganistan (2001-actualitat)|Guerra en la resta de L'afganistan]]. Nom de<ref ="Nyt">{{Vegeu també|In de l'Afganistan, Guerra Semb}} </ref>.
==Demographics==
== Demographics ==
Wakhan is sparsely populated. The total population is estimated at about 10,600.<ref name=unep>[http://postconflict.unep.ch/publications/WCR.pdf United Nations Environment Programme (2003) ''Wakhan Mission Report'']</ref> Most of its inhabitants speak the Vakhi or [[Wakhi language]] (x̌ik zik), and belong to an ethnic group known as Vakhi or [[Wakhi (ethnic group)|Wakhi]]. Nomadic [[Kyrgyz]]<ref>Shahrani, M. Nazif. (1979)</ref> herders live at the higher altitudes.
Wakhan es pobla esparsament. La població total es calcula a les aproximadament 10,600.<Ref name=unep>[Programa d'Ambient de Nacions Unides de http://postconflict.unep.ch/publications/Wcr.pdf (2003) ''Informe de Missió Wakhan'' ]</ref> La majoria dels seus habitants parlen el Vakhi o [[Wakhi]] [[Language]] (xik zik), i pertanyen a un grup ètnic conegut com Vakhi o [[Kirguís|Wakhi]]. KYRGYZ<ref> nòmada. Shahrani, M. Nazif. (1979) </ref>herders viuen en les altituds més altes.
According to a 2003 report by the [[United Nations Environment Programme]] and [[Food and Agriculture Organization]], the population of Wakhan suffers from lack of education, poverty, ill health, food insecurity and [[opium]] addiction.<ref name=unep/>
Segons un informe de 2003 pel [[Programa de les Nacions Unides per al Medi Ambient|Programa D'ambient De Nacions Unides]] i [[FAO|Organització D'alimentari I Agricultura]], la població de Wakhan pateix de la manca d'educació, pobresa, la salut malalta, inseguretat alimentària i addicció d'[[opi]].<Ref name=unep/>
===Wakhi===
=== Wakhi ===
{{Main|Wakhi people}}
{{cite news |title=In Icy Tip of Afghanistan, War Seems Remote |first=Edward |last=Wong|newspaper=The New York Times |date= 27 October 2010|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/28/world/asia/28wakhan.html|accessdate=October 28, 2010}}
The Wakhi population of Wakhan was 9,444 in 2003.<ref name=unep/> Almost all of them adhere to the Shia [[Ismaili]] faith. Wakhi people also inhabit several areas adjacent to the Wakhan in Tajikistan, Pakistan and China.
La població Wakhi de Wakhan era 9,444 el 2003.<Ref name=unep/> Gairebé tots ells s'adhereixen a la fe Shia [[Ismaïlisme|Ismaili]]. La gent Wakhi també habita unes quantes àrees adjacents al Wakhan a Tadjikistan, el Pakistan i la Xina.
The Wakhi practise agriculture in the river valleys, and herd animals in the summer pastures at higher elevations.
El Wakhi practicar agricultura a les valls de riu, i animals de ramats a les pastures d'estiu en elevacions més altes.
The dominant sect of [[Islam]] in the region is [[Ismailism]], much milder than the strict form of Islam generally practiced in the country. However in [[Ishkashim, Afghanistan|Ishkashim]], the city at the western mouth of the Wakhan, stricter observance is demanded. The area has been long neglected by the central government of Afghanistan and the people are poor, many being traditional [[Pastoralism|pastoralists]] living in [[yurt]]s and lacking basic services. However [[non-governmental organization]]s such as the [[Aga Khan Development Network]] have taken an interest in the area. The [[Central Asia Institute]], founded by [[Greg Mortenson]], has built 11 schools in the region.<ref name ="NYT" />
La secta dominant d'[[Islam]] a la regió és [[Ismaïlisme|Ismailism]], molt més suau que la forma estricta d'Islam generalment practicada al país. Tanmateix en [[Ishkashim]], la ciutat a la boca occidental del Wakhan, es demana observança més estricta. L'àrea ha estat molt de temps negligida pel govern central de l'Afganistan i la gent és pobra, molts sent [[pastoralists]] tradicional que viu en [[iurta|yurts]] i al qual falten els serveis bàsics. Tanmateix [[organització no governamental|non-governmental organizations]] com la [[Xarxa De Desenvolupament D'aga Khan]] haver pres un interès en l'àrea. L'[[Institut D'àsia Central]], fundat per [[Greg Mortenson]], ha construït 11 escoles a la regió. Nom de<ref ="Nyt" />
There is a trickle of tourists who engage in [[trek]]king and [[mountaineering]]. <ref name ="NYT" />
Hi ha un fil de turistes que es comprometen [[caminant]] i [[alpinisme]]. Nom de<ref ="Nyt" />
Alastair Leithead on [[BBC News 24]] on December 26, 2007, presented a half-hour feature about Wakhan, focusing particularly on the work of [[expatriate]] British Doctor [[Alexander Duncan (doctor)|Alexander Duncan]], which provided a significant piece of extended media reporting from this inaccessible area.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6988551.stm BBC News: Doctor on call in Afghanistan]</ref> He has also covered the Pamir Festival in the area.<ref>[http://pamirtimes.wordpress.com/2007/11/20/pamir-festival-mehboob-aziz/ Pamir Times]</ref>
Alastair Leithead en [[Bbc News]] 24 el 26 de desembre, de 2007, presentava un tret de mig hora sobre Wakhan, que se centrava especialment en el treball dels [[expatriat|expatriate]] britànics Doctor [[Alexander Duncan]], que proporcionava una peça significativa d'informació de mitjans de comunicació estesa des d'aquesta àrea inaccessible.<Ref>[Notícies de http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6988551.stm Bbc: Doctor de guàrdia a l'Afganistan]</ref> També ha cobert el Festival Pamir en l'àrea.<Ref>[http://pamirtimes.wordpress.com/2007/11/20/pamir-festival-mehboob-aziz/ Pamir Times] </ref>.
===Kyrgyz===
=== Kyrgyz ===
The Kyrgyz population of Wakhan was 1,130 in 2003, all in the eastern part of Wakhan.<ref name=unep/> The Kyrgyz are [[Sunni]] Muslims.
La població Kyrgyz de Wakhan era 1,130 en 2003, tot en la part oriental de Wakhan.<Ref name=unep/> El Kyrgyz són musulmans de [[Sunnisme|Sunni]].
Until 1978 the northeastern portion of Wakhan (the Great Pamir and the Little Pamir) was home to about 3-5 thousand ethnic Kyrgyz.<ref name=reu>[http://www.reuters.com/article/featuredCrisis/idUSSP389507 FACTBOX-Key facts about the Wakhan Corridor]. [[Reuters]]. June 12, 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.mockandoneil.com/stg04r3.htm Mock and O'Neil, Expedition Report (2004)]</ref> In 1978 almost all the Kyrgyz inhabitants fled to Pakistan in the aftermath of the [[Saur Revolution]]. They requested 5,000 visas from the United States Consulate in [[Peshawar]] for resettlement in [[Alaska]] (a region that shares the climate and temperature of the Wakhan Corridor). Their request was denied. In the meantime, the heat and the unsanitary conditions of the refugee camp were killing off the Kyrgyz refugees at an alarming rate. [[Turkey]] which was under the military coup rule of General [[Kenan Evren]], stepped in, and resettled the entire group in the [[Lake Van]] region of Turkey in 1982. The village of [[Ulupamir]] in [[Erciş]] on Lake Van was given to these, where about 2000 of them still reside today. The documentary film "[[37 Uses for a Dead Sheep]] - the story of the Pamir Kirghiz" was based on the life of these Kyrgyz/Kirgiz in their new home.
Fins a 1978 la porció del nord-est de Wakhan (el Gran Pamir i el Pamir Petit) era a casa a aproximadament Kyrgyz ètnic.<Ref name=reu>[fets Clau de http://www.reuters.com/article/featuredCrisis/idUssp389507 Factbox sobre el Corredor Wakhan]. [[Reuters]]. 12 de juny, 2009</ref><ref>. [http://www.mockandoneil.com/stg04r3.htm Simulat i O'Neil, Informe d'Expedició (2004)]</ref> El 1978 gairebé tots els habitants Kyrgyz fugien a Pakistan en les seqüeles de la [[Revolució De Saur]]. Demanaven 5 visats de,000 al Consolat dels Estats Units en [[Peshawar]] per al reassentament a [[Alaska]] (una regió que comparteix el clima i temperatura del Corredor Wakhan). La seva petició es negava. Mentrestant, la calor i les condicions antihigièniques del camp de refugiats estaven exterminant els refugiats Kyrgyz a un índex alarmant. [[Turquia]] que era sota la regla de cop militar de [[Kenan Evren]] General, intervingut, i reinstal·lat el grup sencer a la regió de [[Llac Van|Furgoneta]] de [[Llac]] de Turquia el 1982. El poble d'[[Ulupamir]] en [[Ardjesh|Erci]] en Furgoneta de Llac es donava a aquests, on aproximadament 2000 d'ells encara resideixen avui. La pel·lícula "37" documental UTILITZA PER A UNA OVELLA MORTA - la història del kirguís Pamir" es basava sobre la vida d'aquests Kyrgyz/Kirgiz a la seva casa nova.
The region chosen for the resettlement of the Kyrgyz was, of course, in the heart of Turkey's [[Kurdistan]]. This action achieved two positive results for the Turkish military government at the time: 1) the Kyrgyz being the [[Turkic]] cousins of the Turks, their presence in Kurdish regions of eastern Turkey would water down the native Kurdish hold in the area; 2) it would present Turkey as the "defender of all [[Turkic peoples]]," at the expense of the [[Kurds]].
La regió escollida perquè el reassentament del Kyrgyz era, naturalment, al cor del [[Kurdistan]] de Turquia. Aquesta acció aconseguia dos resultats positius per al govern militar turc a l'època: 1) sent el Kyrgyz els cosins de [[Turkic]] dels turcs, la seva presència en regions kurdes de Turquia oriental regaria l'agafador kurd natiu en l'àrea avall; 2) presentaria Turquia com el "defensor de totes les [[Poblacions de]] TURKIC", a compte del [[Kurds]].
Some Kyrgyz returned to the Wakhan in October 1979, following the [[Soviet occupation of Afghanistan]].<ref name=kreutzmann2003/>
Una mica de Kyrgyz retornava al Wakhan l'octubre de 1979, seguint l'[[Guerra afganosoviètica|Ocupació Soviètica De L'afganistan]].<Ref name=kreutzmann2003/>
==Tourism==
== Turisme ==
In recent years the Wakhan has become a destination for adventurous trekkers, and several tour companies are offering trips to the area.<ref>Sleight, Christopher [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/tayside_and_central/8528678.stm Tourism plan for Afghan mountains] 25 February 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.betravellers.com/group-trips/wakhan-trekker Be Travellers] Trekking in Afghanistan</ref><ref>[http://www.greatgametravel.co.uk/afghanistan/ Great Game Travel Company] Afghan trips</ref> Mountain Unity in particular is a social enterprise set up to promote economic development in the area.{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} BBC correspondent [[John Simpson (journalist)|John Simpson]] has recommended the area as a place to take a wonderful, and relatively safe, holiday.<ref>Jamieson, Emma [http://www.iknowagreatplace.com/community/tips/view.aspx?id=1224&tid=909 BBC's John Simpson recommends: Trek Afghanistan] 7 February 2010</ref> [[Kate Humble]], a BBC television presenter, reports that the area is beautiful and the people friendly.<ref>{{Citation | last = Humble | first = Kate | author-link = Kate Humble | title = War and peace: Kate Humble treks into Afghanistan | newspaper = Independent on Sunday | pages = | year = | date = 6 February 2010 | url = http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/asia/war-and-peace-kate-humble-treks-into-afghanistan-1890525.html | archiveurl = | archivedate = | accessdate = 25 July 2010}}</ref>
En aquests darrers anys el Wakhan s'ha convertit en una destinació per a trekkers atrevits, i unes quantes companyies de gira estan oferint viatges a l'àrea.<Ref>Sleight, Christopher [pla de Turisme de http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/tayside_and_central/8528678.stm per muntanyes afganeses] 25 febrer de 2010</ref><ref>. [viatges de http://www.betravellers.com/group/trekker de wakhan Ser Viatgers] Caminant a l'Afganistan</ref><ref>. [Companyia de Viatge de Joc Gran de http://www.greatgametravel.co.uk/afghanistan/] afganès viatges</ref>la Unió de Muntanya en particular és una empresa social establia per promoure desenvolupament econòmic en l'àrea. {{Principal|July 2010}} corresponsal Bbc que [[John Simpson]] ha recomanat l'àrea com a lloc per agafar un meravellós, i relativament segur, vacances.<Ref>Jamieson, Emma [http://www.iknowagreatplace.com/community/tips/view.aspx?id=1224&tid=909 Bbc's John Simpson recomana: Caminada Afganistan] 7 de febrer de 2010</ref>[[Kate Humble]], un presentador de televisió Bbc, informes que l'àrea és bonica i la gent amistós.<Ref>{{Citació necessària|data = Humili}} </ref>.
==Popular culture==
== Cultura Popular ==
The Wakhan plays a large role in [[Greg Mortenson]]'s book, ''Stones into Schools''. This book tells the story of the building of a school in the Kyrgyz village of [[Bozai Gumbaz]].
El Wakhan juga un paper gran al llibre de [[Greg Mortenson]], ''Pedres a Escoles'' . Aquest llibre explica l'edifici d'una escola al poble Kyrgyz de [[Bozai Gumbaz]] a la història.
==Footnotes==
== Notes a Peu de Pàgina ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Ref-llibre|last = Humble |first = Kate |author-link = Kate Humble |títol = War and peace: Kate Humble treks into Afghanistan |newspaper = Independent on Sunday |pages = |any = |date = 6 February 2010 |url = http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/asia/war-and-peace-kate-humble-treks-into-afghanistan-1890525.html |archiveurl = |archivedate = |accessdate = 25 July 2010}}
==References==
== Referències ==
* Gordon, T. E. 1876. ''The Roof of the World: Being the Narrative of a Journey over the high plateau of Tibet to the Russian Frontier and the Oxus sources on Pamir.'' Edinburgh. Edmonston and Douglas. Reprint: Ch’eng Wen Publishing Company. Taipei. 1971.
* Gordon, T. E. 1876. ''El Sostre del Món: Sent la Narrativa d'un Viatge sobre l'altiplà de Tibet a la Frontera Russa i les fonts Oxus en Pamir.'' Edimburg. Edmonston i Douglas. Reimpressió: Editorial de Ch'eng Wen. Taipei. 1971.
* Shahrani, M. Nazif. (1979) ''The Kirghiz and Wakhi of Afghanistan: Adaptation to Closed Frontiers and War''. University of Washington Press. 1st paperback edition with new preface and epilogue (2002). ISBN 0-295-98262-4.
* Shahrani, M. Nazif. (1979) ''El Kirguís i Wakhi de l'Afganistan: Adaptació a Fronteres Tancades i Guerra'' . Universitat de Premsa de Washington. 1a edició de llibre en rústica amb el prefaci nou i epíleg (2002). Isbn 0-295-98262-4.
* Stein, Aurel M. 1921a. ''Serindia: Detailed report of explorations in Central Asia and westernmost China'', 5 vols. London & Oxford. Clarendon Press. Reprint: Delhi. Motilal Banarsidass. 1980. [http://dsr.nii.ac.jp/toyobunko/]
* Stein, M. d'Aurel 1921 a. ''Serindia: Informe detallat d'exploracions a Àsia Central i Xina més westernmost'', 5 vols. Londres & Oxford. Premsa Clarendon. Reimpressió: Delhi. Motilal Banarsidass. 1980. [http://dsr.nii.ac.jp/toyobunko/]
* Stein Aurel M. 1921. “A Chinese expedition across the Pamirs and Hindukush, A.D. 747.” ''Indian Antiquary'' 1923. From: www.pears2.lib.ohio-state.edu/ FULLTEXT/TR-ENG/aurel.htm. Last modified 24 June 1997. Accessed 13 January 1999.
* M. de Stein Aurel 1921. "Una expedició xinesa a través dels Pamirs i Hindukush, d. C. 747." ''Antiquari Indi'' 1923. De: estat de www.pears2.lib.ohio. edu/ Fulltext/Tr-Eng/aurel.htm. Duri modificat 24 de juny de 1997. A què s'accedeix 13 de gener de 1999.
* Stein Aurel M. 1928. ''Innermost Asia: Detailed report of explorations in Central Asia, Kan-su and Eastern Iran'', 5 vols. Clarendon Press. Reprint: New Delhi. Cosmo Publications. 1981.
* M. de Stein Aurel 1928. ''Àsia Més Íntima: Informe detallat d'exploracions a Àsia Central, Kan-su i Iran Oriental'', 5 vols. Premsa Clarendon. Reimpressió: Nova Delhi. Cosmo Publications. 1981.
* Stein Aurel M. 1929. ''On Alexander's Track to the Indus: Personal Narrative of Explorations on the North-west Frontier of India''. London. Reprint, New York, Benjamin Blom, 1972.
* M. de Stein Aurel 1929. ''En la Pista d'Alexander a l'Indus: Narrativa personal d'Exploracions a la Frontera Cap al Nord occidental de l'Índia'' . Londres. Reimpressió, Nova York, Benjamin Blom, 1972.
==External links==
== enllaços Externs ==
{{Portalbox|Afghanistan|Tajikistan|Geography}}
{{Referències}}
*[http://www.akdn.org/publications/2010_akf_wakhan.pdf Aga Khan Development Network: ''Wakhan and the Afghan Pamir'' (2010)]
* [Xarxa de Desenvolupament de http://www.akdn.org/publications/2010_akf_wakhan.pdf Aga Khan: ''Wakhan i el Pamir afganès'' (2010)]
* [http://www.juldu.com Juldu.com] Photos and Online guide to trekking in the Wakhan and Afghan Pamir
* [http://www.juldu.com Juldu.com] Fotos i guia en Línia a caminar al Wakhan i Afghan Pamir
* [http://www.wakhandev.org.uk Wakhan Development Partnership] A project working to improve the lives of the people of Wakhan since 2003
* [Associació de Desenvolupament de http://www.wakhandev.org.uk Wakhan] treballant el projecte A per millorar les vides de la gent de Wakhan des de 2003
* [http://avgustin.net/gallery.php?id=50 Wakhan Corridor] Photos from Afghan Wakhan Corridor
* [Corredor de http://avgustin.net/gallery.php?id=50 Wakhan] Fotos des de Corredor Wakhan Afganès
* [http://avgustin.net/gallery.php?id=64 Little Pamir] Photos of Life of Kirghiz in Afghanistan's Little Pamir
* [http://avgustin.net/gallery.php?id=64 Poc Pamir] Fotos de Vida de kirguís en l'Afganistan Poc Pamir
* [http://www.npr.org/blogs/pictureshow/2010/09/28/130192465/afghan Photos From Afghanistan: Natural Beauty, Not War] - slideshow by ''[[NPR]]''
* [Fotos de http://www.npr.org/blogs/pictureshow/2010/09/28/130192465/afghan des de l'Afganistan: Bellesa Natural, No Guerra] - slideshow per ''[[National Public Radio|Npr]]''
* [http://www.advrider.com/forums/showthread.php?t=504942] Ride Report of two Polish motorcyclists who rode to Wakhan from Poland in 2009
* [http://www.advrider.com/forums/showthread.php?t=504942] Informe de Passejada de dos motociclistes polonesos que anaven a Wakhan de Polònia el 2009
*Wong, Edward. "[http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/28/world/asia/28wakhan.html?_r=1&hp In Icy Tip of Afghanistan, War Seems Remote]." ''[[The New York Times]]''. October 27, 2010.
* Wong, Edward. [http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/28/world/asia/28wakhan.html?_r=1&hp En Punta Glacial de l'Afganistan, Guerra Sembla Remota]. ''[[The New York Times|El New York Times]]'' . 27 d'octubre, de 2010.
* [http://zygmontek.com/wakhan/wakhan.html Portfolio of images from summer 2010 trek through the Afghan Pamir by Zygmunt Korytkowski, photographer and traveller.]
* [Cartera de http://zygmontek.com/wakhan/wakhan.html d'imatges des de l'estiu 2010 caminen a través de l'afganès Pamir per Zygmunt Korytkowski, fotògraf i viatger.]
* [http://www.tofel.eu Photos from the Wakhan Corridor] Albums mainly from the Eastern part of Wakhan (Big and Little Pamir) inhabitied by Kirghiz nomads.
* [Fotos de http://www.tofel.eu des del Corredor Wakhan] Àlbums principalment des de la part Oriental de Wakhan (Gran i Little Pamir) inhabitied per nòmades de kirguís.
* [http://www.afganistan2010.pl Polish Climbing Expedition "Afghanistan 2010"]
* [Expedició d'Escalada Polonesa de http://www.afganistan2010.pl "Afganistan 2010"]
* [http://www.climbafghanistan Climbing in the Wakhan Corridor]
* [Pujant http://www.climbafghanistan al Corredor Wakhan]
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{{Coord missing|Afghanistan}}
{{Portalbox|Afghanistan|Tajikistan|Geography}}
[[Categoria:Geografia de l'Afganistan]]
[[Categoria:Geografia del Tadjikistan]]
[[Categoria:Ruta de la seda]]
[[Category:Geography of Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Geography of Tajikistan]]
[[Category:Sites along the Silk Road]]
[[ko:와한]]
[[it:Wakhan]]
[[simple:Wakhan]]
[[sk:Wáchán]]
[[uk:Вахан]]
[[zh:瓦罕走廊]]
[[en:Wakhan]]
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