Gaafar al-Nimeiry: diferència entre les revisions
Contingut suprimit Contingut afegit
m bot preprocessant article previ a la traduccioo automatica |
m traducció automàtica feta a petició de Usuari Discussió:Jolle pendent de revisió per l'usuari |
||
Línia 1:
{{Traducció|en|Gaafar Nimeiry}}
{{Infobox President
|image=Gaafar Nimeiry exhib.jpg
|order=5th [[President of the Sudan]]
|term_start=1969
|term_end=1985
|predecessor=[[Ismail al-Azhari]]
|successor= [[Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab]]
|birth_date = {{birth date|1930|1|1|mf=y}}
|birth_place = Wad Nubawi [[Omdurman]], [[Khartoum (state)|Khartoum State]]
|death_date ={{death date and age|2009|5|30|1930|1|1|mf=y}}
|death_place = [[Khartoum (state)|Khartoum]]
|party= [[Sudanese Socialist Union]] (while in power)<ref>[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+sd0137) ''Sudan: A Country Study''] "Role in Government" United States Library of Congress. Accessed on September 10, 2007.</ref><br/>[[Alliance of the Peoples' Working Forces]] (after return from exile, merged with NCP [[National Congress Party (Sudan)|National Congress Party (NCP)]] but the Sudanese Democratic Socialist Union was established in 2008 as the successor party)}}
{{Infobox President
|name=Gaafar Muhammad Nimeiry
|image=Gaafar Nimeiry exhib.jpg
|order=5th [[President of the Sudan]]
|term_start=1969
|term_end=1985
|predecessor=[[Ismail al-Azhari]]
|successor= [[Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab]]
|birth_date = {{birth date|1930|1|1|mf=y}}
|birth_place = Wad Nubawi [[Omdurman]], [[Khartoum (state)|Khartoum State]]
|death_date ={{death date and age|2009|5|30|1930|1|1|mf=y}}
|death_place = [[Khartoum (state)|Khartoum]]
|party= [[Sudanese Socialist Union]] (while in power)<ref>[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+sd0137) ''Sudan: A Country Study''] "Role in Government" United States Library of Congress. Accessed on September 10, 2007.</ref><br/>[[Alliance of the Peoples' Working Forces]] (after return from exile, merged with NCP [[National Congress Party (Sudan)|National Congress Party (NCP)]] but the Sudanese Democratic Socialist Union was established in 2008 as the successor party)}}
|
|
'''Gaafar Muhammad an-Nimeiry''' (otherwise spelled in English as '''Jaafar Nimeiry''', '''Gaafar Nimeiry''' or '''Ga'far Muhammad an-Numayri'''; 1 January 1930 – 30 May 2009<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/30/AR2009053000894.html|title=Sudan's former president Nimeiri dies|publisher=The Washington Post|date=2009-05-30|accessdate=2009-05-30}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=RjwilmsiBot}}</ref>) ({{lang-ar|<big>جعفر محمد النميري</big>}}) was the Nubian President of [[Sudan]] from 1969 to 1985. He was born in Wad Nubawi [[Omdurman]] in central Sudan, and was the son of a postman and the great grandson of a local tribal leader from the Wad Nimeiry region in [[Dongola]], [[ash-Shamaliyah]] the Northern State.
'''un Nimeiry Gaafar Muhammad''' (altrament lletrejat en anglès com '''Jaafar Nimeiry''', '''Gaafar Nimeiry''' o '''un Numayri Ga'far Muhammad'''; 1 de gener - 30 maig 2009 de 1930<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/30/AR2009053000894.html|title=Sudan's former president Nimeiri dies|publisher=The Washington Post|date=2009-05-30|accessdate=2009-05-30}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=RjwilmsiBot}}</ref>) ({{Lang|ar|<big>جعفر محمد النميري</big>}}) era el President Nubian de [[Sudan]] de 1969 a 1985. Naixia a Wad Nubawi [[Omdurman]] a Sudan central, i era el fill d'un carter i el renét d'un líder tribal local des de la regió de Nimeiry de Feix en [[Ciutat de Dongola|Dongola]], [[shamaliyah]] de CENDRA l'Estat del Nord.
==Early life==
In an incident in 1948, when protesting against British rule in Sudan by leading students to strike in his school, he was temporarily expelled. He studied at the prestigious Hantoub School, one of only three in Sudan at the time.
En un incident el 1948, en protestar contra regla britànica a Sudan per estudiants principals per donar a la seva escola, se l'expulsava temporalment. Estudiava a l'Escola Hantoub prestigiosa, un de només tres a Sudan a l'època.
In 1952 Nimeiry graduated from the Sudan Military College, where he was greatly influenced by the ideas of [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]'s [[Free Officers Movement]], which gained power in [[Egypt]] that same year. Later he joined the Khartoum garrison.
El 1952 Nimeiry es graduava del Col·legi Militar del Sudan, on era en gran manera influït per les idees del [[Moviment d'Oficials Lliures|Moviment D'oficials Lliure]] DE [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]], que guanyava poder a [[Egipte]] aquell mateix any. Més tard es feia de la guarnició de Khartum.
==1955 - 1980==
In 1966, Nimeiry graduated from the United States Army Command College in [[Fort Leavenworth]], [[Kansas]].
El 1966, Nimeiry es graduava del Col·legi de Comanda d'Exèrcit dels Estats Units a [[Fort Leavenworth]], [[Kansas]].
===First term as Prime Minister===
=== Primer terme com primer ministre ===
In 1969, together with four other officers he overthrew the government of [[Ismail al-Azhari]], his coup was named the "May Revolution" and he became [[prime minister]] and chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC). He started a campaign aimed at reforming [[Sudan]]'s economy through nationalization of banks and industries as well as some land reforms. He used his position to enact a number of [[socialist]] and [[Pan-Arabism|Pan-Arabist]] reforms.
El 1969, juntament amb quatre altres oficials enderrocava el govern d'[[Ismail al-Azhari|Ismail al-azhari]], el seu cop s'anomenava la "Revolució de Maig" i es convertia en [[primer ministre]] i president del Consell de Comanda Revolucionari (Rcc). Començava una campanya apuntada cap a reformar l'economia del [[Sudan]] durant nacionalització de bancs i indústries així com algunes reformes agràries. Utilitzava la seva posició per promulgar un cert nombre de [[socialisme|socialista]] i pa[[Panarabisme|Narabist]] es reforma.
Throughout the 1970s, a number of bilateral investment treaties were signed between Sudan and several states: [[Netherlands]] August 22, 1970, [[Switzerland]] February 17, 1974, [[Egypt]] May 28, 1977, [[France]] July 31, 1978.
Per tots els anys 1970, un cert nombre de tractats d'inversió bilaterals se signaven entre el Sudan i uns quants estats: [[Països Baixos|Països baixos]] 22 d'agost, de 1970, [[Suïssa]] 17 de febrer, de 1974, [[Egipte]] 28 de maig, de 1977, [[França]] 31 de juliol, de 1978.
Nimeiry successfully weathered a coup attempt by [[Sadiq al-Mahdi]] in 1970, and in 1971 was briefly removed from power by a Communist coup, before being restored. In 1970 Nimeiry ordered an aerial bombardment on [[Aba Island]] which killed Sadiq Al Mahdi's uncle Al Hadi ibn Abd al Rahman and several thousand [[Ansar (Sudan)|Ansar]], members of the [[Umma Party (Sudan)|Umma Party]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=cnpwjPcI0UQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=omar+al+bashir's+sudan&hl=en&ei=-sNYTazMFYegtweYkpzkDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=aba%20air%20attack%20umma%20party%20killed%20slain%20grandson%20of%20mahdi&f=false|title=Omar Al-Bashir's Sudan|author=Diana Childress|year2003=9|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|location=|isbn=0822590964|page=40|pages=|accessdate=February 13, 2011}}</ref> Later in 1971 he was elected President winning a referendum with 98.6 per cent of the votes, and signed the [[Addis Ababa Agreement (1972)|Addis Ababa Agreement]] whereby autonomy is granted to the non-Muslim southern region of [[Sudan]], which ushered in an 11-year period of peace and stability to the region which had witnessed [[First Sudanese Civil War|civil war]] since 1955, before Sudan's independence. He thus began a more Western-friendly policy, where banks were returned to private ownership and foreign investment was encouraged as evidenced by a number of bilateral investment treaties that are signed. In July 1978 at the OAU summit in Khartoum, Nimeiry was elected Chairman of the [[Organization of African Unity]] until July 1979.
Nimeiry reeixidament aguantava un intent de cop per [[Sadiq al-mahdi]] el 1970, i el 1971 era breument tret de poder per un cop Comunista, abans de ser restaurat. El 1970 Nimeiry demanava un bombardeig aeri en [[Aba Island|Illa D'aba]] que matava Sadiq Al l'oncle de Mahdi Al Hadi ibn Abd al Rahman i uns quants mils d'[[Ansar]], membres del partit d'[[Umma]].<Ref>{{Ref-llibre|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=cnpwjPcI0UQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=omar+al+bashir's+sudan&hl=en&ei=-sNYTazMFYegtweYkpzkDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=aba%20air%20attack%20umma%20party%20killed%20slain%20grandson%20of%20mahdi&f=false|títol = Omar Al-Bashir's Sudan|author = Diana Childress|year2003 = 9|editorial = Twenty-First Century Books|lloc = 0822590964|isbn = 0822590964|page = 40|pages = |accessdate = February 13, 2011}}</ref>Més Tard en 1971 ell era elegit President guanyant un referèndum amb un 98.6 per cent dels vots, i signat l'[[Acord D'addis Abeba]] per la qual cosa l'autonomia es concedeix a la regió del sud no musulmana de [[Sudan]], que conduïa en un període d'11 anys de pau i estabilitat a la regió que havien presenciat [[Primera guerra civil sudanesa|guerra civil]] des de 1955, abans de la independència del Sudan. Així començava una política més Occidental amistosa, on els bancs es tornaven a propietat privada i fomentava inversió estrangera com evidenciat per un cert nombre de tractats d'inversió bilaterals que se signen. El juliol de 1978 en la cimera Oau a Khartum, Nimeiry s'elegia President de l'[[Organització Of African Unity]] fins al juliol de 1979.
===Coup attempts===
=== intents de Cop ===
During a Communist coup in 1971, Nimeiry jumped out of the window of the place where he was incarcerated when his supporters came to the rescue.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gaafar al-Nimeiry, a Sudan Leader With Shifting Politics, Dies at 79|author=DENNIS HEVESI|newspaper=THE NEW YORK TIMES|date=June 11, 2009|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/12/world/africa/12nimeiry.html|accessdate=February 13, 2011}}</ref>
Durant un cop Comunista el 1971, Nimeiry saltava fora de la finestra del lloc on se l'empresonava quan els seus seguidors arribaven al rescat.<Ref>{{cite news |title=Gaafar al-Nimeiry, a Sudan Leader With Shifting Politics, Dies at 79|author=DENNIS HEVESI|newspaper=THE NEW YORK TIMES|date=June 11, 2009|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/12/world/africa/12nimeiry.html|accessdate=February 13, 2011}} </ref>.
In late 1975, a military coup by Communist members of the armed forces, led by Brigadier [[Hassan Hussein Osman]], failed to remove Nimeiry from power. General Elbagir, Nimeiry's deputy, led a counter coup that brought Nimiery back within few hours. Brigadier Osman was wounded and later court martialed and executed.
L'últim 1975, un cop militar per Comunista membres de les forces armades, portades per Brigadier [[Hassan Hussein Osman]], fracassats treure Nimeiry de poder. Elbagir general, el suplent de Nimeiry, portava un contracop aquell Nimiery portat altra vegada dins de poques hores. Brigadier Osman estava ferit i més tard fa la cort a martialed i executava.
Again in 1976, a force of one thousand insurgents under Sadiq al Mahdi, armed and trained by [[Libya]], crossed the border from [[Ma'tan as-Sarra]]. After passing through [[Darfur]] and [[Kordofan]], the insurgents engaged in three days of house-to-house fighting in [[Khartoum]] and [[Omdurman]] that killed some 3000 people and sparked national resentment against [[Muammar al-Gaddafi]]. Nimeiry and his government were narrowly saved after a column of army tanks entered the city.<ref name="Burr and Collins 111">Burr, J. Millard and Robert O. Collins, ''Darfur: The Long Road to Disaster'', Markus Wiener Publishers: Princeton, 2006, ISBN 1-55876-405-4, p. 111</ref>
Una altra vegada el 1976, una força de mil insurgents sota al Sadiq Mahdi, armat i entrenat per [[Líbia]], creuat la frontera des de [[Tan sarra]] de [[Moammar al-Gaddafi|Ma'tan]]. Després que passant a través de [[Darfur]] i [[Kordufan|Kordofan]], els insurgents es comprometessin dins tres dies d'house-to-house que lluita a [[Khartum]] i [[Omdurman]] que matava unes 3000 persones i feia esclatar ressentiment nacional en contra de MUAMMAR AL-GADDAFI. Nimeiry i el seu govern se salvaven estretament després que una columna de tancs d'exèrcit ingressés a la ciutat.<Ref name="Burr i Collins 111">Rebava, J. Millard i Robert O. Collins ''Darfur: La Carretera Llarga a Desastre'', Editors de Salsitxa de Frankfurt Markus: Princeton, 2006, Isbn 1-55876-405-4, pàg. 111 </ref>.
In 1977 a National Reconciliation took place between the leader of the opposition who was based abroad [[Sadiq al Mahdi]] and Nimeiry. A limited measure of pluralism was allowed and Sadiq al Mahdi and members of the [[Democratic Unionist Party (Sudan)]] joined the legislature and under the umbrella of the [[Sudan Socialist Union]]. Relations between [[Khartoum]] and the [[South Sudan]] leadership worsened after the National Reconciliation and the National Reconciliation itself came to a premature end in light of disagreements between the opposition and Nimeiry.
El 1977 una Reconciliació Nacional tenia lloc entre el líder de l'oposició que es basava a l'estranger [[Sadiq Al Mahdi]] i Nimeiry. Una mesura limitada de pluralisme es permetia i l'al Sadiq Mahdi i els membres del [[Partit Unionist Democràtic (sudan)]] es feien de la legislatura i sota el paraigua de la [[Unió Socialista Del Sudan]]. Les relacions entre [[Khartum]] i lideratge del [[Sudan del Sud|Sudan]] del Sud empitjoraven després que la Reconciliació Nacional i la Reconciliació Nacional mateixa vinguessin a un final prematur en llum de desacords entre l'oposició i Nimeiry.
==1980 - 1985==
== 1980 - 1985 ==
===Second term as President===
=== Segon qualificar de President ===
[[File:Gaafar Nimeiry DF-SC-84-10022.jpg|thumb|250px|Nimeiry arrived to the state visit to the United States, 1983]]
[[File:Gaafar Nimeiry Df-Sc-84-10022.jpg|thumb|250px|Nimeiry arribava a la visita estatal als Estats Units, 1983]]
In 1981 Nimeiry, pressured by his Islamic opponents, and still President of Sudan, began a dramatic shift toward [[Islamism|Islamist]] political governance. He allied himself with the [[Muslim Brotherhood]]. In 1983, he imposed [[Sharia]], or Islamic law, throughout the country—alienating the predominantly Christian and animist south. The administrative boundaries of the south were also reformed. In violation of the Addis Ababa Agreement he dissolved the southern Sudanese government, thereby prompting a renewal of the civil war. Nimeiry was one of only two [[Arab]] leaders (the other being [[Qaboos]] of [[Oman]]) who maintained close relations with [[Anwar Sadat]] after the [[Camp David Accords]]. He attended Sadat's funeral.
El 1981 Nimeiry, pressionat pels seus adversaris islàmics, i encara President del Sudan, començava un canvi dramàtic cap a govern polític d'[[Islamisme polític|Islamista]]. S'aliava amb la [[Germans Musulmans|Fraternitat Musulmana]]. El 1983, imposava [[Xaria|Sharia]], o llei islàmica, per tot l'alienar país el predominantment cristià i animist cap al sud. Els límits administratius del sud també es reformaven. En la violació de l'Acord d'Addis Abeba dissolia el govern sudanès del sud, així demanant una renovació de la guerra civil. Nimeiry era un de només dos líders [[Àrabs]] (l'altre [[Qaboos]] que és d'[[Oman|Oman)]] que mantenien relacions estretes amb [[Anwar el-Sadat|Anwar Sadat]] després del [[Pau de Camp David|Camp David Accords]]. Assistia al funeral de Sadat.
In 1985 Nimeiry authorised the execution of the peaceful yet controversial political dissident and Islamic reformist [[Mahmoud Mohamed Taha]] after Taha — who was first accused of religious sedition in the 1960s when Sudan's President was [[Ismail al-Azhari]] — had been declared an apostate by a Sudanese court. Shortly thereafter on 6 April 1985, while Nimeiry was on an official visit to the [[United States of America]] in the hope of gaining more financial aid from Washington, a bloodless military coup led by his defense minister Gen. [[Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab]] ousted him from power. At the subsequent elections the pro-Islamist leader, Sadiq al-Mahdi (who had attempted a coup against Nimeiry in July 1977) became Prime Minister.
El 1985 Nimeiry autoritzava l'execució del reformista dissident i islàmic polític pacífic tot i així controvertit [[Mahmoud Mohamed Taha]] després que Taha - qui s'acusava primer de sedició religiosa durant els anys 1960 quan era el President del Sudan [[Ismail al-Azhari|Ismail al-azhari]] - hagués estat declarat una apòstata per un jutjat sudanès. En breu després 6 d'abril de 1985, mentre que Nimeiry era sobre una visita oficial als [[Estats Units d'Amèrica|Estats Units D'amèrica]] en l'esperança de guanyar més ajut financer amb Washington, un cop militar exsangüe portat pel seu general ministre de defensa. [[Abdel Rahman Swar Al-dahab]] el destituïa del poder. A les subsegüents eleccions el líder proislamista, Mahdi d'al Sadiq (que havia intentat un cop contra Nimeiry el juliol de 1977) convenia al primer ministre.
===Hyperinflation===
=== Hyperinflation ===
During 1980-5, the Sudanese Pound lost 80 percent of its worth due to hyperinflation and renewed civil war.
Durant 1980-5, la Lliura Sudanesa perdia un 80 per cent del seu valor a causa de hyperinflation i reprenia guerra civil.
===Exile and return===
=== Exilar i retornar ===
Nimeiry lived in exile in Egypt from 1985 to 1999, in a villa situated in Heliopolis, Cairo. He returned to Sudan in May 1999 to a rapturous welcome that surprised many of his detractors. The next year, he ran in the presidential election against incumbent president [[Omar al-Bashir]], but did poorly, obtaining only 9.6% of the votes in elections that were boycotted by the Sudanese opposition and alleged to be rigged. In 2005, Nimeiry's party, the [[Alliance of the Peoples' Working Forces]] signed a merger agreement with the ruling [[National Congress Party (Sudan)|National Congress Party]] of Sudan. The National Congress Party negotiated an end to Sudan's civil war that was signed in a Comprehensive Peace Agreement on January 9, 2005.
Nimeiry vivia en exili a Egipte des de 1985 a 1999, en una vil·la situada a Heliopolis, el Caire. Retornava a Sudan el maig de 1999 a una benvinguda entusiasta que sorprenia molts dels seus detractors. El proper any, rodava l'elecció presidencial contra el president incumbent [[Omar al-Bashir|Omar al-bashir]], però feia pobrament, obtenint només un 9.6% dels vots en eleccions que eren boicotejades per l'oposició sudanesa i de les quals es considerava que es manipulaven. El 2005, el partit de Nimeiry, l'[[Aliança De Les Forces Laborables De]] LES POBLACIONS signava un acord de fusió amb el [[Partit De Congrés Nacional]] que governava del Sudan. El Partit de Congrés Nacional negociava un final a la guerra civil del Sudan que se signava en un Acord de Pau Complet el 9 de gener, de 2005.
Nimeiry died of natural causes in his home in Omdurman on 30 May 2009. Tens of thousands turned up to his official funeral including members of Sudan's political forces that had opposed his rule. After Nimeiry's death in May 2009, former Revolutionary Command Council member [[Khaled Hassan Abbass]] was elected head of the Alliance of Peoples' Working Forces. Splits occurred amongst the supporters of Nimeiry with some endorsing the partnership with the National Congress Party and others alleging that the [[National Congress Party (Sudan)|National Congress Party]] reneged on the merger agreement and did not properly implement it. The splinter groups formed the [[May Socialist Union]] which took part in the parliamentary elections in [[Sudan]] in 2010. Another group led by Professor Dr. [[Fatima Abdel Mahmoud]] set up [[The Sudanese Socialist Democratic Union Party]] as the successor party of the [[Sudanese Socialist Union]]. Professor Dr. Fatima Abdel Mahmoud, was the first woman cabinet Minister in Sudan in the 1970s, and the first Sudanese woman to contest the Presidency in the [[Sudanese general election, 2010]].
Nimeiry moria de causes naturals a la seva casa a Omdurman 30 de maig de 2009. Tens de milers apareixia al seu funeral oficial incloent-hi membres de les forces polítiques del Sudan que s'havien oposat a la seva regla. Després de la mort de Nimeiry el maig de 2009, l'anterior membre de Consell de Comanda Revolucionari [[Khaled Hassan Abbass]] s'elegia cap de l'Aliança de les Forces Laborables de les Poblacions. Les divisions ocorrien entre els seguidors de que Nimeiry amb alguns donés suport a l'associació amb el Partit de Congrés Nacional i que altres al·leguessin allò el reneged de [[Partit]] de CONGRÉS NACIONAL en l'acord de fusió i no l'implementava pròpiament. Els grups dissidents formaven el [[Maig Unió Socialista]] que participava el 2010 en les eleccions parlamentàries al [[Sudan]]. Un altre grup dirigit pel Professor Dr. [[Fatima Abdel Mahmoud]] establia [[El Partit D'unió Democràtic Socialista Sudanès]] com el partit de successors de la [[Unió Socialista Sudanesa]]. Professor Dr. Fatima Abdel Mahmoud, eren el primer ministre dona a Sudan durant els anys 1970, i la primera dona sudanesa per disputar la Presidència en l'[[Elecció general sudanesa, 2010]].
==References==
== Referències ==
{{reflist}}
{{Referències}}
==External links==
== enllaços Externs ==
* [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/politics-obituaries/5431188/Gaafar-al-Nimeiry.html Gaafar al Nimeiry] - Daily Telegraph obituary
* [al Gaafar de http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/politics-obituaries/5431188/Gaafar-al-Nimeiry.html Nimeiry] - necrologia de Telègraf Diària
* [http://i-cias.com/e.o/nimeiri_g.htm Encyclopedia of the Orient entry on Nimeiry]
* [Enciclopèdia de http://i-cias.com/e.o/nimeiri_g.htm de l'Orient entrada en Nimeiry]
* [http://www.bradford.ac.uk/acad/confres/monitor/UNCmonitor7.pdf UN & CONFLICT MONITOR - A DIGEST OF NEWS AND DOCUMENTS FOCUSING ON THE UN’S ROLE IN CONFLICT PREVENTION, MANAGEMENT AND RESOLUTION, PEACEKEEPING, PEACEBUILDING AND PEACEMAKING]
* [http://www.bradford.ac.uk/acad/confres/monitor/Uncmonitor7.pdf Un & Monitor de Conflicte - Un Digerir De Notícies I Documents Que Se Centren En L'Un'S Paper A Prevenció de Conflicte, Direcció I Resolució, Manteniment de la Pau, Peacebuilding I Peacemaking]
* [http://travel2.nytimes.com/2004/07/15/travel/NYT_ALMANAC_WORLD_SUDAN.html?ex=1171602000&en=ce0d41739b133a6a&ei=5070 Sudan], Travel, [[The New York Times]] Almanac [[2004]]
* [http://travel2.nytimes.com/2004/07/15/travel/Nyt_Almanac_World_Sudan.html?ex=1171602000&en=ce0d41739b133a6a&ei=5070 Sudan], Viatge, L'Almanac de [[The New York Times|New York Times]] [[2004]]
{{SudanPresidents}}
{{SudanPresidents}}
{{SudanPMs}}
{{SudanPMs}}
{{African Union chairpersons}}
{{African Union chairpersons}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Nimeiry, Gaafar
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = January 1, 1930
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Wad Nubawi [[Omdurman]], [[Khartoum (state)|Khartoum State]]
| DATE OF DEATH = May 30, 2009
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Khartoum (state)|Khartoum]]
}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Nimeiry, Gaafar
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = January 1, 1930
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Wad Nubawi [[Omdurman]], [[Khartoum (state)|Khartoum State]]
| DATE OF DEATH = May 30, 2009
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Khartoum (state)|Khartoum]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nimeiry, Gaafar}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nimeiry, Gaafar}}
[[Categoria:Ciutats del Sudan]]
[[Categoria:Sudanesos]]
[[Categoria:Biografies per subdivisió estatal de primer nivell]]
[[Categoria:Polítics africans]]
[[Categoria:Partits polítics del Sudan]]
[[Categoria:Àrabs]]
[[Categoria:Nacionalismes]]
[[Categoria:Nacionalistes]]
[[Categoria:Caps d'Estat]]
[[Categoria:Asiàtics per activitat]]
[[Categoria:Guerres del segle XX]]
[[Categoria:Guerra freda]]
[[Categoria:Cops d'estat]]
[[Categoria:Presidents]]
[[Categoria:Primers ministres]]
[[Categoria:Polítics àrabs]]
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Omdurman]]
[[Category:Sudanese Socialist Union politicians]]
[[Category:National Congress (Sudan) politicians]]
[[Category:Arab nationalist heads of state]]
[[Category:Cold War leaders]]
[[Category:Leaders ousted by a coup]]
[[Category:Presidents of Sudan]]
[[Category:Sudanese anti-communists]]
[[Category:Non-U.S. alumni of the Command and General Staff College]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of Sudan]]
[[Category:Arab politicians]]
[[ar:جعفر نميري]]
[[de:Dschafar Muhammad an-Numairi]]
[[es:Yaafar al-Numeiry]]
[[fa:جعفر نمیری]]
[[fr:Gaafar Nimeiry]]
[[id:Gaafar Nimeiry]]
[[it:Ja'far al-Nimeyri]]
[[he:ג'עפר נומיירי]]
[[arz:جعفر النميرى]]
[[ms:Jaafar Nimeiry]]
[[nl:Jafaar Numeiri]]
[[ja:モハメド・アン＝ヌメイリ]]
[[no:El Jaafar Nimeiry]]
[[pt:Yaffar al Numeiry]]
[[ru:Нимейри, Джафар Мухаммед]]
[[fi:Jaafar Nimeiry]]
[[sv:Gaafar Mohamad Numeiry]]
[[tr:Cafer Muhammed en-Numeyri]]
[[zh:加法尔·尼迈里]]
[[en:Gaafar Nimeiry]]
| |||