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{{Traducció|en|Mamluk Sultanate (Delhi)}}
{{Refimprove|date=March 2012}}
{{Refimprove|date=March 2012}}
{{Infobox Former Country
|conventional_long_name = Mamluk Sultanate
|image_coat =
|image_map_caption = Mamluk Sultanate of [[Delhi]]
|government_type = [[Sultanate]]
|year_leader1 = 1206–1210
|year_leader2 = 1286–1290
|common_languages = [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Turkic language|Turkic]]
|currency =
}}
{{Infobox Former Country
|native_name =
|conventional_long_name = Mamluk Sultanate
|common_name = Mamluk Sultanate
|continent = Asia
|region = [[Indian Subcontinent]]
|year_start = 1206
|year_end = 1290
|date_start =
|date_end =
|event_start =
|event_end =
|p1 = Chauhan
|image_p1 =
|p2 = Tomara dynasty
|flag_p2 =
|p3 = Ghurid Sultanate
|flag_p3 =
|p4 = Sena Empire
|flag_p4 =
|s3 =
|flag_s3 =
|image_flag =
|image_coat =
|coa_size =
|s1 = Khilji dynasty
|flag_s1 =
|image_flag =
|image_coat =
|coa_size =
|image_map = Mamluk dynasty 1206 - 1290 ad.GIF
|image_map_caption = Mamluk Sultanate of [[Delhi]]
|religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
|capital = [[Delhi]]
|government_type = [[Sultanate]]
|legislature =
|title_leader = [[Sultan]]
|leader1 = [[Qutb-ud-din Aibak]]
|year_leader1 = 1206–1210
|leader2 = [[Muiz ud din Qaiqabad]]
|year_leader2 = 1286–1290
|common_languages = [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Turkic language|Turkic]]
|currency =
}}
The '''Mamluk Dynasty''' (sometimes referred as '''Slave Dynasty''' or '''Ghulam Dynasty''') ([[Urdu language|Urdu]]: سلسله غلامان, [[Hindi]]: ग़ुलाम ख़ानदान), was directed into India by [[Qutb-ud-din Aybak]], a [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] general of [[Central Asia]]n birth. It was the first of five unrelated dynasties to rule India's [[Delhi Sultanate]] from 1206 to 1290.<ref name=JE_Walsh_68-70>Walsh, pp. 68-70</ref><ref name=C_Anzalone_100>Anzalone, p. 100</ref> Aybak's tenure as a [[Ghurid Dynasty|Ghurid dynasty]] administrator ranged between 1192 to 1206, a period during which he led invasions into the [[Ganges|Gangetic]] heartland of India and established control over some of the new areas.
El '''Mamluk Dynasty''' (a vegades referit com '''Dinastia Esclava''' o '''Ghulam Dynasty''') ([[Urdú]]: , [[Hindi]]: ), era dirigit a Índia per [[Qutb-ad-Din Àybak|Qutb-ud-din Aybak]], un general de [[Pobles turquesos|Turkic]] de naixement [[Àsia Central|Asi]]À[[Sultanat de Delhi|Tic Central]]. Era la primera de cinc dinasties inconnexes governar el [[Gúrides|Delhi sultanate]] de l'Índia de 1206 a 1290. < ref. name=Je_Walsh_68-70>. Walsh, pàg. 68-70 </ref>. <ref name=C_Anzalone_100>. Anzalone, pàg. 100 </ref>. l'arrendament d'Aybak com un administrador de DINASTIA de GHURID oscil·lat entre 1192 a 1206, un període durant el qual portava invasions al cor [[Ganges|Gangetic]] de l'Índia i establia control sobre alguns de les àrees noves.
==History==
== Història ==
[[Image:Qutab.jpg|thumb|left|250px|The [[Qutub Minar]], an example of the Mamluk dynasty's works.]]
[[Image:Qutab.jpg|polze|deixat|250px|El [[Qutub Minar]], un exemple dels treballs de la dinastia Mamluk.]]
[[Mamluk]], literally ''owned'', was a soldier of slave origin who had converted to [[Islam]]. The phenomenon started in 9th century AD and gradually the Mamluks became a powerful military caste in various Muslim societies. Mamluks held political and military power most notably in [[Egypt]], but also in the [[Levant]], [[Iraq]], and [[India]].
[[Mamelucs|Mamluk]], literalment ''tingut'', era un soldat d'origen esclau que s'havia convertit en [[Islam]]. El fenomen començava a 9è Anunci de segle i gradualment el Mamluks es convertia en una casta militar poderosa en diverses societats musulmanes. Mamluks tenia poder polític i militar més notablement a [[Egipte]], però també en el [[Xam|Levant]], [[Iraq]], i [[Índia|índia]].
In 1206, [[Muhammad of Ghor]] died. He had no child, so after his death, his sultanate was divided into many parts by his slaves (mamluk generals). [[Tajuddin Elduz|Taj-ud-Din Yildoz]] became the ruler of [[Ghazni]]. [[Ikhtiyar Uddin Muhammad Bin Bakhtiyar Khalji|Mohammad Bin Bakhtiyar Khilji]] got [[Bengal]]. [[Nasir-ud-Din Qabacha]] became the sultan of [[Multan]]. [[Qutub-ud-din-Aybak]] became the sultan of [[Delhi]], and that was the beginning of the Slave dynasty.<ref>http://www.amritworld.com/main/muslim_rule_in_india/slave_dynasty/</ref>
El [[Muizz al-Din Muhammad|1206, Muhammad Of]] [[Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji|Ghor]] moria. No tenia cap nen, així després de la seva mort, el seu sultanate es dividia en moltes parts pels seus esclaus (generals de mamluk). [[Taj-ud-din Yildoz]] convenia al governant de [[Gazni|Ghazni]]. MOHAMMAD BIN BAKHTIYAR KHILJI aconseguia [[Bengala]]. [[Nasir-ud-din Qabacha]] convenia al soldà de [[Multan]]. [[Qutb-ad-Din Àybak|Qutub-ud-xivarri-aybak]] convertia el soldà de [[Delhi]], i allò era el començament de la dinastia Esclava. <ref>. http://www.amritworld.com/main/muslim_rule_in_india/slave_dynasty/ </ref>.
Aybak rose to power when a Ghorid superior was assassinated.<ref name=JE_Walsh_70>Walsh, p. 70</ref> However, his reign as the [[Sultan of Delhi]] was short lived as he died in 1210 and his son [[Aram Shah]] rose to the throne, only to be assassinated by [[Iltutmish]] in 1211.
Aybak aconseguia poder quan un superior Ghorid s'assassinava. <ref name=Je_Walsh_70>. Walsh, pàg. 70 </ref>. Tanmateix, el seu regnat com el [[Sultanat de Delhi|Sold]]À [[Aram-Xah|Of Delhi]] es vivia de manera curta mentre moria el 1210 i el seu fill ARAM SHAH aconseguia el tron, per només ser assassinat per [[Iltutmix|Iltutmish]] el 1211.
The Sultanate under Iltutmish established cordial diplomatic contact with the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] between 1228–29 and had managed to keep India unaffected by the invasions of [[Genghis Khan]] and [[Mongol invasion of India|his successors]].<ref name=C_Anzalone_100/> Following the death of Iltutmish in 1236 a series of weak rulers remained in power and a number of the noblemen gained autonomy over the provinces of the Sultanate. Power shifted hands from [[Rukn ud din Firuz]] to [[Razia Sultana]] until [[Ghiyas ud din Balban]] rose to the throne and successfully repelled both external and internal threats to the Sultanate.<ref name=C_Anzalone_100/><ref name=JE_Walsh_70/> The [[Khilji dynasty|Khalji dynasty]] came into being when [[Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji]] overthrew the last of the Slave dynasty rulers, [[Muiz ud din Qaiqabad]], the grandson of Balban, and assumed the throne at Delhi.<ref name=C_Anzalone_101>Anzalone, p. 101</ref>
El Sultanate sota Iltutmish establia contacte diplomàtic cordial amb l'[[Califat abbàssida|Abbasid Caliphate]] entre 1228-29 i havia aconseguit mantenir insensible a les invasions de [[Genguis Khan|Genghis Khan]] i [[els seus successors]] l'Índia. <ref name=C_Anzalone_100/>. Després de la mort d'Iltutmish el 1236 una sèrie de governants dèbils romania al poder i un cert nombre dels nobles guanyaven autonomia sobre les províncies del Sultanate. El poder canviava mans de [[Rukn-ad-Din Firuz-Xah|Rukn Ud Din Firuz]] a [[Razia Sultana]] fins que [[Balban|Ghiyas Ud Din Balban]] aconseguia el tron i reeixidament repel·lia amenaces tant externes com internes al Sultanate. <ref name=C_Anzalone_100/>. <ref name=Je_Walsh_70/>. La [[Khalji|Dinastia de khalji]] arribava a ser quan enderrocava [[Firuz Xah Khalji|Jalal Ud Din Firuz Khilji]] l'últim dels governants de dinastia Esclaus, [[Muïzz-ad-Din Qaiqabad|Muiz Ud Din Qaiqabad]], el nét de Balban, i assumia el tron a Delhi. <ref name=C_Anzalone_101>. Anzalone, pàg. 101 </ref>.
==Architecture==
== Arquitectura ==
[[File:Tomb of Iltutmish, Qutb Minar complex, Mehrauli.jpg|right|200px|thumb|[[Qutb_complex#Tomb_of_Iltutmish|Tomb of Iltutmish]], [[Qutb complex]], [[Mehrauli]].]]
[[File:Tomb d'Iltutmish, complex Qutb Minar, Mehrauli.jpg|bé|200px|polze|[[Qutb_complex#tomb_of_iltutmish|tomba D'iltutmish]]|TOMBA D'ILTUTMISH, [[Complex de qutb]], [[Mehrauli]].]]
The architectural legacy of the dynasty includes the [[Qutb Minar]], [[Mehrauli]] by [[Qutb-ud-din Aybak]], ''[[Sultan Ghari]]'' near [[Vasant Kunj]], the first Islamic Mausoleum (tomb) built in 1231 A.D. for Prince [[Nasir ud din Mahmud]], eldest son of [[Iltumish]], and [[Balban's tomb]], also in [[Mehrauli]] Archaeological Park.
El llegat arquitectònic de la dinastia inclou el [[Qutb Minar]], [[Mehrauli]] per [[Qutb-ad-Din Àybak|Qutb-ud-din Aybak]] ''[[Sultan Ghari]]'' prop de [[Vasant Kunj]], el primer Mausoleu islàmic (tomba) construït el 1231 d. C. per a Príncep [[Nàssir-ad-Din Mahmud-Xah|Nasir Ud Din Mahmud]], fill més major d'[[Iltutmix|Iltumish]], i [[Tomba de balban's]], també en Parc Arqueològic de [[Mehrauli]].
==List of Mamluk Sultans==
== Llista de Soldans Mamluk ==
{| width=100% class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#F0DC88" width=7% | Titular Name
! style="background-color:#F0DC88" width=7% | Personal Name
! style="background-color:#F0DC88" width=7% | Reign
! style="background-color:#F0DC88" width=27% | Notes
|-
|align="center"|''Sultan''<br>{{Nastaliq|سلطان}}
|align="center"| [[Qutb-ud-din Aibak]]<br>{{Nastaliq|قطب الدین ایبک}}
|align="center"|1206 – 1210
|align="center"|''Temporarily quelled the rebellions of [[Nasir-ud-Din Qabacha]] of [[Multan]] and [[Tajuddin Yildoz]] of [[Ghazni]]. He made [[Lahore]] his capital and consolidated his control over North India through administrative hold over [[Delhi]]. He also initiated the construction of Delhi's earliest Muslim monuments, the [[Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque]] and the [[Qutub Minar]]. Died accidentally in 1210 while he was playing a game of [[polo]] in Lahore on horseback: his horse fell and he was impaled on the pommel of his saddle. He was buried near the [[Anarkali bazaar]] in [[Lahore]].''
|-
|align="center"|''Sultan''<br>{{Nastaliq|سلطان}}
|align="center"| [[Aram Shah]]<br>{{Nastaliq|آرام شاہ}}
|align="center"|1210 – 1211
|align="center"|''The rise of ''Chihalgani'' (The Forty); an elite group of 40 nobles. They conspired against Aram Shah and invited Shams-ud-din Iltutmish, then Governor of [[Badaun]], to replace Aram. Iltutmish defeated Aram in the plain of Jud near Delhi in 1211. What became of Aram is not quite certain.''
|-
|align="center"|''Nasir Amir-ul-Mu'minin''<br>{{Nastaliq|ناصرامیر المؤمنین }}
|align="center"| [[Shams-ud-din Iltutmish]]<br>{{Nastaliq|شمس الدین التتمش}}
|align="center"|1211 – 1236
|align="center"|''He shifted Capital from [[Lahore]] to [[Delhi]]. He defeated [[Nasir-ud-Din Qabacha]] of [[Multan]] and [[Tajuddin Yildoz]] of [[Ghazni]], who had declared themselves contenders of Delhi. [[Mongol]]s invaded India in pursuit of [[Jalal-ud-din Mangabarni]] who was defeated at the [[Battle of Indus]] by [[Genghis Khan]] in 1221. After [[Genghis Khan]]'s death Iltutmish consolidated his hold on northern India by retaking many of the lost territories. He built the [[Hauz-i-Shamsi]] reservoir in [[Mehrauli]] in [[1230]]. In 1231, he built [[Sultan Ghari]], the first Islamic Mausoleum in [[Delhi]].''
|-
|align="center"|''Sultan''<br>{{Nastaliq|سلطان}}
|align="center"| [[Rukn ud din Firuz|Rukn-ud-din Feroze]]<br>{{Nastaliq|رکن الدین فیروز}}
|align="center"|April 1236 – November 1236
|align="center"|''Ruled for just seven months. His mother [[Shah Turkan]] for all practical purposes was running the government. He abandoned himself to the pursuit of personal pleasure and debauchery, to the considerable outrage of the citizenry. On [[November 9]], [[1236]], both Rukn-ud-din Feroze and his mother Shah Turkan were assassinated by the '''Chihalgani''' .''
|-
|align="center"|''Jalâlat-ud-dîn Raziyâ Sultana''<br>{{Nastaliq|جلالۃ الدین رضیہ سلطانہ }}
|align="center"| [[Razia Sultana|Razia al-Din]]<br>{{Nastaliq|رضیہ الدین }}
|align="center"|1236 – 1240
|align="center"|''First Female Muslim Ruler in India. Initially she managed to impress the nobles and she administratively handled the Sultanate well before associating with the African [[Jamal-ud-Din Yaqut]] provoking racial antagonism amongst the nobles and clergy, who were primarily Turkish and already resented the rule of a female monarch. She was defeated by the powerful nobleman [[Malik Altunia]] whom she agreed to marry. However, her brother [[Muiz ud din Bahram|Muiz-ud-din Bahram]] usurped the throne with the help of the ''Chihalgani'' and defeated the combined forces of the Sultana and her husband. Both fled and reached [[Kaithal]], where their remaining forces abandoned them. They both fell into the hands of [[Jat]]s and were robbed and killed on [[October 14]], [[1240]].''
|-
|align="center"|''Sultan''<br>{{Nastaliq|سلطان}}
|align="center"| [[Muiz ud din Bahram|Muiz-ud-din Bahram]]<br>{{Nastaliq|معز الدین بہرام}}
|align="center"|1240 - May 15, 1242
|align="center"|''During his reign the '''Chihalgani''' became disorderly and constantly bickered among each other. It was during this period of unrest that the Mongols invaded the [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] & sacked [[Lahore]]. The sultan was too weak to take any step against them. The ''Chihalgani'' besieged him in the White Fort of [[Delhi]] and put him to death in 1242.''
|-
|align="center"|''Sultan''<br>{{Nastaliq|سلطان}}
|align="center"| [[Ala ud din Masud|Ala-ud-din Masud]]<br>{{Nastaliq|علاءالدین مسعود}}
|align="center"|1242 - 1246
|align="center"|''He was more of a puppet for the '''Chihalgani''' (the forty chiefs) and did not actually have much power or influence in the government. Instead, he became infamous for his fondness of entertainment and wine. By [[1246]], the chiefs became upset with Sultan's increasing hunger for more power, and replaced him with [[Nasir ud din Mahmud|Nasir-ud-din Mahmud]], another son of [[Iltutmish]].''
|-
|align="center"|''Nasir-ud-din Feroze Shah''<br>{{Nastaliq|نصیر الدین فیروز شاہ}}
|align="center"| [[Nasir ud din Mahmud|Nasir-ud-din Mahmud]]<br>{{Nastaliq|نصیر الدین محمود }}
|align="center"|1246 – 1266
|align="center"|''As a ruler, Mahmud was known to be very religious, spending most of his time in prayer and renowned for aiding the poor and the distressed. However, it was actually his Deputy Sultan, [[Ghiyas ud din Balban|Ghiyath-ud-din Balban]], who primarily dealt with the state affairs. ''
|-
|align="center"|''Sultan''<br>{{Nastaliq|سلطان}}
|align="center"| [[Ghiyas ud din Balban|Ghiyath-ud-din Balban]] <br>{{Nastaliq|غیاث الدین بلبن}}
|align="center"|1266 – 1286
|align="center"|''Balban ruled with an iron fist. He broke up the '''Chihalgani''' group of nobleman. He tried to establish peace and order in India. He built many outposts in areas where there had been disorder and garrisoned them with soldiers. Balban wanted to make sure everyone was loyal to the crown, so he established an efficient espionage system.''
|-
|align="center"|''Sultan''<br>{{Nastaliq|سلطان}}
|align="center"| [[Muiz ud din Qaiqabad|Muiz-ud-din Muhammad Qaiqabad]]<br>{{Nastaliq|معز الدین قیق آباد}}
|align="center"|1286 – 1290
|align="center"|''Being still young at the time, he ignored all state affairs. After four years, he suffered from a paralytic stroke and was later on murdered in 1290 by a [[Khilji dynasty|Khilji]] chief. His three year old son, [[Kayumars_of_Delhi|Kayumars]] (1290), nominally succeeded him. But the Slave dynasty had ended with the rise of the [[Khilji dynasty|Khiljis]]
|}
{| width=100%class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#F0Dc88" width=7%.3. Nom Titular
! style="background-color:#F0Dc88" width=7%.3. Antropònim
! style="background-color:#F0Dc88" width=7%.3. Regnat
! style="background-color:#F0Dc88" width=27%.3. Notes
|-
|align="center"|''Soldà'' <br>{{Nastaliq|سلطان}}
|align="center"| [[Qutb-ad-Din Àybak|Qutb-ud-din Aibak]]<br>{{Nastaliq|قطب الدین ایبک}}
|align="center"|1206 ?? 1210
|align="center"|''Temporalment reprimit les rebel·lions de [[Nasir-ud-din Qabacha]] de [[Multan]] i [[Tajuddin Yildoz]] de [[Gazni|Ghazni]]. Feia la seva capital a [[Lahore]] i consolidava el seu control sobre Índia del Nord a través d'agafador administratiu sobre [[Delhi]]. També iniciava la construcció dels primers monuments musulmans de Delhi, la [[Mesquita de]] QUWWAT-UL-ISLAM i el [[Qutub Minar]]. Mort accidentalment el 1210 mentre estava jugant un joc de [[polo]] a Lahore a cavall: el seu cavall queia i s'empalava en ell el colpejar de la seva sella. Estava enterrat prop del [[Basar d'anarkali]] en [[Lahore]].''
|-
|align="center"|''Soldà'' <br>{{Nastaliq|سلطان}}
|align="center"| [[Aram-Xah|Aram Shah]]<br>{{Nastaliq|آرام شاہ}}
|align="center"|1210 ?? 1211
|align="center"|''La pujada de'' Chihalgani''(Els Quaranta); un grup d'elit de 40 nobles. Conspiraven contra Aram Shah i convidaven Iltutmish Shams-ud-xivarri, llavors Governador de [[Badaun]], per reemplaçar Aram. Iltutmish derrotava Aram a la plana de Jud prop de Delhi el 1211. El que passava amb Aram no està bastant segur.''
|-
|align="center"|''Nasir Amir-ul-Mu'minin'' <br>{{Nastaliq|قطب الدین ایبک}}
|align="center"| [[Iltutmix|Shams-ud-din Iltutmish]]<br>{{Nastaliq|قطب الدین ایبک}}
|align="center"|1211 ?? 1236
|align="center"|''canviava Capital des de [[Lahore]] fins a [[Delhi]]. Derrotava [[Nasir-ud-din Qabacha]] de [[Multan]] i [[Tajuddin Yildoz]] de [[Gazni|Ghazni]], que s'havien declarat adversaris de Delhi. [[Mongols]] envaïa l'Índia en la recerca de [[Djalal al-Din Manguberti|Jalal-ud-din Mangabarni]] que era derrotat a la [[Batalla Of Indus]] per [[Genguis Khan|Genghis Khan]] el 1221. Després de la mort de [[Genguis Khan|Genghis Khan]] Iltutmish consolidava el seu agafador en Índia del nord reconquerint molts dels territoris perduts. Incorporava el pantà d'[[Hauz-i-shamsi]] en [[Mehrauli]] [[1230]]. El 1231, construïa [[Sultan Ghari]], el primer Mausoleu islàmic a [[Delhi]].''
|-
|align="center"|''Soldà'' <br>{{Nastaliq|سلطان}}
|align="center"| [[Rukn-ad-Din Firuz-Xah|Rukn-ud-din Feroze]]<br>{{Nastaliq|قطب الدین ایبک}}
|align="center"|Abril de 1236 - novembre de 1236
|align="center"|''Governat durant només set mesos. La seva mare [[Shah Turkan]] per a tots els propòsits pràctics estava dirigint el govern. S'abandonava a la recerca de plaer personal i debauchery, a l'atrocitat considerable de la ciutadania. EL [[9 de novembre]] [[1236]], tant Feroze Rukn-ud-xivarri com la seva mare Shah Turkan s'assassinaven pel '''Chihalgani''' .''
|-
|align="center"|''Jalâlat-ud-dîn Raziyâ Sultana'' <br>{{Nastaliq|جلالۃ الدین رضیہ سلطانہ }}
|align="center"| [[Razia al-din]]<br>{{Nastaliq|قطب الدین ایبک}}
|align="center"|1236 ?? 1240
|align="center"|''Primer Governant Musulmà Femení a l'Índia. Inicialment aconseguia impressionar els nobles i administrativament manejava el Sultanate bé abans d'associar-se amb el [[Jamal-ud-din Yaqut]] africà que provoca antagonisme racial entre els nobles i clergat, que era principalment turc i ja molestava la regla d'un monarca femení. Era derrotada pel noble poderós [[Malik Altunia]] amb qui acceptava casar-se. Tanmateix, el seu germà [[Muïzz-ad-Din Bahram-Xah|Muiz-ud-din Bahram]] usurpava el tron amb l'ajuda del'' Chihalgani''i derrotava les forces combinades del Sultana i el seu marit. Els dos fugien i arribaven a [[Kaithal]], on els abandonaven les seves forces restants. Tant Queien a les mans de [[Jat|Jats]] com es robaven i mataven el [[14 d'octubre|14 D'octubre]], [[1240]].''
|-
|align="center"|''Soldà'' <br>{{Nastaliq|سلطان}}
|align="center"| [[Muïzz-ad-Din Bahram-Xah|Muiz-ud-din Bahram]]<br>{{Nastaliq|قطب الدین ایبک}}
|align="center"|1240 - 15 de maig, 1242
|align="center"|''Durant el seu regnat el '''Chihalgani''' convertia disorderly i constantment discutit l'un entre l'altre. Era durant aquest període de malestar que el Mongols envaïa el [[Panjab (Índia)|Punjab]] & acomiadava [[Lahore]]. El soldà era massa dèbil per prendre qualsevol pas contra ells. El'' Chihalgani''assetjat ell al Fort Blanc de [[Delhi]] i llançament ell a mort el 1242.''
|-
|align="center"|''Soldà'' <br>{{Nastaliq|سلطان}}
|align="center"| [[Alà-ad-Din Massud-Xah|Ala-ud-din Masud]]<br>{{Nastaliq|آرام شاہ}}
|align="center"|1242 - 1246
|align="center"|''era més d'un titella pel '''Chihalgani''' (els quaranta caps) i no tenia de fet gaire poder o influeix en el govern. En canvi, es tornava infame pel seu fondness de diversió i vi. Per [[1246]], els caps es tornaven preocupats amb la gana creixent de Soldà per més poder, i el canviaven per [[Nàssir-ad-Din Mahmud-Xah|Nasir-ud-din Mahmud]], un altre fill d'[[Iltutmix|Iltutmish]].''
|-
|align="center"|''Feroze Shah Nasir-ud-xivarri'' <br>{{Nastaliq|نصیر الدین فیروز شاہ}}
|align="center"| [[Nàssir-ad-Din Mahmud-Xah|Nasir-ud-din Mahmud]]<br>{{Nastaliq|نصیر الدین فیروز شاہ}}
|align="center"|1246 ?? 1266
|align="center"|''Com a governant, Mahmud se sabia que era molt religiós, gastant-ne molts del seu temps en l'oració i cèlebre per ajudar els pobres i l'afligit. Tanmateix, era de fet el seu Suplent Sultan, [[Balban|Ghiyath-ud-din Balban]], qui principalment tractava amb els afers estatals. ''
|-
|align="center"|''Soldà'' <br>{{Nastaliq|سلطان}}
|align="center"| [[Balban|Ghiyath-ud-din Balban]] <br>{{Nastaliq|قطب الدین ایبک}}
|align="center"|1266 ?? 1286
|align="center"|''Balban governava amb un puny de ferro. Es dividia el '''Chihalgani''' grup de noble. Intentava establir pau i ordre a l'Índia. Construïa molts outposts en àrees on hi havia hagut desordre i els garrisoned amb soldats. Balban volia assegurar-se que tothom fos lleial a la corona, així establís un sistema d'espionatge eficient.''
|-
|align="center"|''Soldà'' <br>{{Nastaliq|سلطان}}
|align="center"| [[Muïzz-ad-Din Qaiqabad|Muiz-ud-din Muhammad Qaiqabad]]<br>{{Nastaliq|نصیر الدین فیروز شاہ}}
|align="center"|1286 ?? 1290
|align="center"|' ' Sent encara jove a l'època, ignorava tots els afers estatals. Després de quatre anys, patia d'un cop paralític i estava més més tard assassinat el 1290 per un cap de [[Khalji|Khilji]]. El seu fill vell de tres anys, [[Kayumars]] (1290), nominalment el succeïa. Però la dinastia Esclava havia acabat amb la pujada del [[Khalji|Khiljis]]
|}
{{-}}
{{-}}
[[File:Ghurid Empire in India.jpg|300px|left|thumb|Ghurid Empire in India]]
[[Imperi de File:Ghurid en India.jpg|300px|deixat|polze|Imperi Ghurid a l'Índia]]
==See also==
== Veure també ==
*[[List of Sunni Muslim dynasties]]
* [[Llista de les dinasties musulmanes sunnites|Llista De Dinasties Musulmanes De]] SUNNI
==Notes==
== Notes ==
{{reflist}}
{{Referències}}
==References==
== Referències ==
* {{cite encyclopedia
| title = Delhi Sultanate
| volume = 2
| last = Anzalone
| first = Christopher
| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of World History
| pages = 100–101
| date = 2008
| isbn = 978-0-8160-6386-4
| publisher = Facts on File
| editor = Ackermann, M. E. etc}}
* {{cite encyclopedia
| title = Delhi Sultanate
| volume = 2
| last = Anzalone
| first = Christopher
| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of World History
| pages = 100–101
| date = 2008
| isbn = 978-0-8160-6386-4
| publisher = Facts on File
| editor = Ackermann, M. E. etc}}
* {{cite book
| last = Walsh
| first = J. E.
| title = A Brief History of India
| publisher = Facts on File
| date = 2006
| isbn = 0-8160-5658-7}}
* {{Ref-llibre
|cognom = Walsh
|nom = J. E.
|títol = A Brief History of India
|editorial = Facts on File
|date = 2006
|isbn = 0-8160-5658-7}}
* [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V02_403.gif Dynastic Chart] [[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]], v. 2, ''p. 368.''
* [Carta Dinàstica de http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=Ds405.1.I34_V02_403.gif] [[The Imperial Gazetteer of India|El Gazetteer Of India Imperial]], v. 2, ''pàg. 368.''
==Further reading==
== lectura Més Llunyana ==
* {{cite book
| last = Srivastava
| first = A. L.
| title = The History of India, 1000-1707 A.D.,
| publisher = Shiva Lal Agarwala
| url = http://lccn.loc.gov/sa%2065000828
| date = 1967}}
* {{Ref-llibre
|cognom = Srivastava
|nom = A. L.
|títol = The History of India, 1000-1707 A.D.,
|editorial = Shiva Lal Agarwala
|url = http://lccn.loc.gov/sa%2065000828
|date = 1967}}
{{Commons category|Slave Dynasty}}
{{Commons category|Slave Dynasty}}
[[Categoria:Regnes històrics d'Àsia]]
[[Categoria:Delhi]]
[[Categoria:Batalles del segle VII]]
[[Categoria:Guerres del segle XI]]
[[Categoria:Guerres del segle XII]]
[[Categoria:Guerres del segle XIII]]
[[Categoria:Guerres del segle XIV]]
[[Categoria:Guerres del segle XV]]
[[Categoria:Guerres del segle XVI]]
[[Categoria:Guerres del segle XVII]]
[[Categoria:Guerres del segle XVIII]]
[[Categoria:Guerres del segle XIX]]
[[Categoria:Soldanats]]
[[Categoria:Història del Pakistan]]
[[Categoria:Dinasties de l'Índia]]
[[Categoria:Esclavitud]]
[[Categoria:Abbàssides]]
[[Categoria:Militars]]
[[Category:Mamluk Sultanate (Delhi)|*]]
[[Category:1290 disestablishments]]
[[Category:Muslim dynasties]]
[[Category:History of Islam]]
[[Category:Turkic dynasties]]
[[Category:Historical Turkic states]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1206]]
[[Category:History of Delhi]]
[[Category:Mamluks]]
[[ar:مماليك الهند]]
[[az:Müəzzilər dövləti]]
[[de:Sklavendynastie]]
[[fa:سلطنت مملوک (دهلی)]]
[[fr:Dynastie des esclaves]]
[[hi:ग़ुलाम वंश]]
[[it:Mamelucchi di Delhi]]
[[he:השושלת הממלוכית של דלהי]]
[[ml:ദില്ലിയിലെ മംലൂക്ക് രാജവംശം]]
[[mr:गुलाम घराणे]]
[[ne:गुलाम वंश]]
[[ja:奴隷王朝]]
[[no:Mamlukdynastiet]]
[[sd:غلام گهراڻو]]
[[sv:Mamlukdynastin i Delhi]]
[[ta:மம்லுக் வம்சம்]]
[[uk:Рабська династія]]
[[ur:خاندان غلاماں]]
[[zh:庫特布沙希王朝]]
[[en:Mamluk Sultanate (Delhi)]]
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