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{{Infobox Former Country
|conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Gomma
|common_name = Gomma
|continent = Africa
|region = Horn of Africa
|country = Ethiopia
|era =
|government_type = Monarchy
|event_start =
|year_start = 18th century
|date_start =
|event_end = Annexed by [[Ethiopian Empire]]
|year_end = 1886
|date_end =
|life_span = c. 1780 – 1886
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|event2 =
|date_event2 =
|event3 =
|date_event3 =
|p1 =
|flag_p1 =
|s1 = Ethiopian Empire
|flag_s1 = Flag_of_Ethiopia_(1897).svg
|image_flag =
|flag =
|image_map =
|image_map_caption =
|capital = [[Agaro]]
|common_languages =
|religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
|currency =
|leader1 =
|title_leader =
|footnotes =
}}
 
{{ Infobox Former Country ..
.3. |conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Gomma ..
.3. |common_name = Gomma ..
.3. |continent = Africa ..
.3. |region = Horn of Africa ..
.3. |country = Ethiopia ..
.3. |era = ..
.3. |government_type = Monarchy ..
.3. |event_start = ..
.3. |year_start = 18th century ..
.3. |date_start = ..
.3. |event_end = Annexed by ETHIOPIAN EMPIRE[[Ethiopian ..Empire]]
.3. |year_end = 1886 ..
.3. |date_end = ..
.3. |life_span = c. 1780 &ndash ; 1886 ..
.3. |event1 = ..
.3. |date_event1 = ..
.3. |event2 = ..
.3. |date_event2 = ..
.3. |event3 = ..
.3. |date_event3 = ..
.3. |p1 = ..
.3. |flag_p1 = ..
.3. |s1 = Ethiopian Empire ..
.3. |flag_s1 = Flag_of_Ethiopia_(1897).svg ..
.3. |image_flag = ..
.3. |flag = ..
.3. |image_map = ..
.3. |image_map_caption = ..
.3. |capital = AGARO ..[[Agaro]]
.3. |common_languages = ..
.3. |religion = SUNNI ISLAM[[Sunni ..Islam]]
.3. |currency = ..
.3. |leader1 = ..
.3. |title_leader = ..
.3. |footnotes = ..
}} ..
..
The ((((( Kingdom of Gomma ))))) was one of the kingdoms in the GIBE REGION of ETHIOPIA that emerged in the 18th century. ..
..
(==) Location (==) ..
Gomma shared its northern border with LIMMU-ENNAREA , its western border with GUMMA , its southern border with GERA , and its eastern border with JIMMA. Its capital was AGARO. ..
..
This former kingdom was mostly located in an undulating valley , with a population estimated in 1880 of about 15 ,000-16 ,000 ; its extent is roughly the same as the modern WOREDA of GOMMA. Beckingham and Huntingford considered Gomma , along with Gumma , was the least economically developed of the Gibe kingdoms ; <ref>. C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford , (( Some Records of Ethiopia , 1593-1646 )) (London: Hakluyt Society , 1954) , p. lxxx </ref>. however Mohammed Hassen writes that "the people of Gomma devoted themselves to farming , earning a reputation for a high degree of civilization. <ref>. Mohammed Hassen , (( The Oromo of Ethiopia: A History 1570-1860 )) (Trenton: Red Sea Press , 1994) , pp. 116 </ref>. ..
..
Also located in the kingdom of Gomma were two hills , Sinka and Bemba (the last was also called Kella Egdu Biya , or "Gate of the Watching of the Land") , which were sacred to the PAGAN OROMO. They were inhabited by prophets who lived with large snakes ; descendants of these snakes are offered beer and goats' blood by Oromos to allieve their illnesses. <ref>. G.W.B. Huntingford , (( The Galla of Ethiopia ; the Kingdoms of Kafa and Janjero )) (London: International African Institute , 1955) , p. 82 </ref>. ..
..
(==) History (==) ..
Mohammed Hassen notes that "the written information on the early history of Gomma is limited , and confused." <ref name="Hassen , The Oromo , p. 109">. Hassen , (( The Oromo )) , p. 109. </ref>. Beckingham and Huntingford trace the foundation of Gomma to a miracle-worker who was named NUR HUSAIN or Wariko , said to have come from MOGADISHU. Although they speculate that this semi-legendary figure might have been confused with the better-known SHEIKH HUSEIN , whose tomb is located near the SHEBELLE RIVER , they note that ANTONIO CECCHI reports that Wariko's tomb is located on the banks of the DIDESSA RIVER , and was an object of veneration. <ref>. Beckingham and Huntingford , (( Some Records )) , p. lxxxix. Trimingham offers the date of 1780 for Nur Husain's departure from Mogadishu. </ref>. ..
..
Hassen explains the tradition around Nur Husain as reflecting the fact that "Gomma was the first state in the Gibe region where Islam became the religion of the whole people." <ref name="Hassen , The Oromo , p. 109"/>. Trimingham states that Gomma was the first of the Gibe kingdoms to convert to ISLAM , quoting Major G.W. Harris as writing that by 1841 "in Goma the Moslem faith is universal." <ref>. J. Spencer Trimingham , (( Islam in Ethiopia )) (Oxford: Geoffrey Cumberlege for the University Press , 1952) , p. 200. </ref>. ..
..
Hassen states that the first king of Gomma was ABBA BOKE , although Beckingham and Huntingford state his son , ABBA MANNO , had this honor. Abba Boke had gained control over all of Gomma , between Yacci and Dogaye , except for a region named Qattu. Abba Manno was able to annex Qattu during his reign (c. 1820 - 1840) , and promoted Islam by patronizing Muslim religious teachers , as well as enhancing the activities of the QADIRIYA order. <ref>. Hassen , (( The Oromo )) , p. 110. </ref>. ..
..
Gomma was conquered in 1886 by Besha Abue on behalf of Emperor MENELIK II. ..
..
(==) See also (==) ..
* RULERS OF THE GIBA STATE OF GOMA ..
* LIST OF SUNNI MUSLIM DYNASTIES ..
..
(==) Notes (==) ..
{{ reflist}} ..
..
{{ Defaultsort:Gomma}} ..
[[Category:Former monarchies of Africa]] ..
[[Category:History of Ethiopia]] ..
[[Category:States and territories established in the 18th century]] ..
[[Category:1886 disestablishments]] ..
..
..
..
paraulesenllacos ..
..
ETHIOPIAN EMPIRE ..
..
AGARO ..
..
SUNNI ISLAM ..
..
GIBE REGION ..
..
ETHIOPIA ..
..
LIMMU-ENNAREA ..
..
GUMMA ..
..
GERA ..
..
JIMMA ..
..
AGARO ..
..
WOREDA ..
..
GOMMA ..
..
PAGAN ..
..
OROMO ..
..
NUR HUSAIN ..
..
MOGADISHU ..
..
SHEIKH HUSEIN ..
..
SHEBELLE RIVER ..
..
ANTONIO CECCHI ..
..
DIDESSA RIVER ..
..
ISLAM ..
..
ABBA BOKE ..
..
ABBA MANNO ..
..
QADIRIYA ..
..
MENELIK II ..
..
RULERS OF THE GIBA STATE OF GOMA ..
..
LIST OF SUNNI MUSLIM DYNASTIES ..
 
 
 
The '''Kingdom of Gomma''' was one of the kingdoms in the [[Gibe region]] of [[Ethiopia]] that emerged in the 18th century.
 
El '''Regne de Gomma''' era un dels regnes en el [[Gibe regió]] d'[[Etiòpia]] que emergia al 18è segle.
 
 
 
==Location==
 
== Localització ==
Gomma shared its northern border with [[Limmu-Ennarea]], its western border with [[Kingdom of Gumma|Gumma]], its southern border with [[Kingdom of Gera|Gera]], and its eastern border with [[Kingdom of Jimma|Jimma]]. Its capital was [[Agaro]].
 
Gomma compartia la seva frontera del nord amb [[Limmu-ennarea]], la seva frontera occidental amb [[Regne de Gumma|Gumma]], la seva frontera del sud amb [[Regne de Gera|Gera]], i la seva frontera oriental amb [[Regne de Jimma|Jimma]]. La seva capital era [[Agaro]].
 
 
 
This former kingdom was mostly located in an undulating valley, with a population estimated in 1880 of about 15,000-16,000; its extent is roughly the same as the modern [[woreda]] of [[Gomma (woreda)|Gomma]]. Beckingham and Huntingford considered Gomma, along with Gumma, was the least economically developed of the Gibe kingdoms;<ref>C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, ''Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593-1646'' (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lxxx</ref> however Mohammed Hassen writes that "the people of Gomma devoted themselves to farming, earning a reputation for a high degree of civilization.<ref>Mohammed Hassen, ''The Oromo of Ethiopia: A History 1570-1860'' (Trenton: Red Sea Press, 1994), pp. 116</ref>
 
Aquest anterior regne estava situat principalment en una vall ondulant, amb una població calculava 1880 d'aproximadament 15,000-16,000; el seu abast és l'aproximadament mateix que el [[districte|woreda]] modern de [[Gomma]]. Beckingham i Huntingford Gomma considerat, junt amb Gumma, estava menys econòmicament desenvolupat del Gibe regnes;<ref>C.F. Beckingham i G.W.B. Huntingford ''Alguns Registres d'Etiòpia, 1593-1646'' (Londres: Hakluyt Society, 1954), pàg. lxxx</ref>tanmateix Mohammed Hassen escriu que "la gent de Gomma es dedicava a cultivar la terra, guanyant una reputació per a un grau alt de civilització.<ref>Mohammed Hassen, ''L'Oromo d'Etiòpia: Una Història 1570-1860'' (Trenton: Premsa de Red Sea, 1994), pàg. 116 </ref>.
 
 
 
Also located in the kingdom of Gomma were two hills, Sinka and Bemba (the last was also called Kella Egdu Biya, or "Gate of the Watching of the Land"), which were sacred to the [[paganism|pagan]] [[Oromo people|Oromo]]. They were inhabited by prophets who lived with large snakes; descendants of these snakes are offered beer and goats' blood by Oromos to allieve their illnesses.<ref>G.W.B. Huntingford, ''The Galla of Ethiopia; the Kingdoms of Kafa and Janjero'' (London: International African Institute, 1955), p. 82</ref>
 
També situat al regne de Gomma eren dos turons, Sinka i Bemba (l'últim també s'anomenava Kella Egdu Biya, o "Porta del Mirar de la Terra"), que eren sagrats a l'[[Oromos|Oromo]] [[paganisme|pagà]]. Estaven habitats per profetes que vivien amb serps grans; als descendents d'aquestes serps els ofereix cervesa i la sang de les cabres Oromos a allieve les seves malalties.<ref>G.W.B. Huntingford ''El Galla d'Etiòpia; els Regnes de Kafa i Janjero'' (Londres: Institut Africà Internacional, 1955), pàg. 82 </ref>.
 
 
 
==History==
 
== Història ==
Mohammed Hassen notes that "the written information on the early history of Gomma is limited, and confused."<ref name="Hassen, The Oromo, p. 109">Hassen, ''The Oromo'', p. 109.</ref> Beckingham and Huntingford trace the foundation of Gomma to a miracle-worker who was named [[Nur Husain]] or Wariko, said to have come from [[Mogadishu]]. Although they speculate that this semi-legendary figure might have been confused with the better-known [[Sheikh Husein]], whose tomb is located near the [[Shebelle River]], they note that [[Antonio Cecchi]] reports that Wariko's tomb is located on the banks of the [[Didessa River]], and was an object of veneration.<ref>Beckingham and Huntingford, ''Some Records'', p. lxxxix. Trimingham offers the date of 1780 for Nur Husain's departure from Mogadishu.</ref>
 
Mohammed Hassen es fixa que "la informació escrita en la primera història de Gomma es limita, i confonia."<ref name="Hassen, L'Oromo, pàg. 109">Hassen ''L'Oromo'', pàg. 109.</ref>Beckingham i Huntingford localitzen la fundació de Gomma a un treballador de miracle que es nomenava [[Nur Husain]] o Wariko, deia d'haver vingut de [[Mogadixo|Mogadiscio]]. Encara que especulen que aquesta xifra semillegendària es podria haver confós amb [[Sheikh Husein]] el més conegut, la tomba del qual està situada prop del [[Shabele|Riu De Shebelle]], es fixen que [[Antonio Cecchi]] informa que la tomba de Wariko està situada als bancs del [[Riu De Didessa]], i era un objecte de veneració.<ref>Beckingham i Huntingford, ''Alguns Registres'', pàg. lxxxix. Trimingham ofereix la data de 1780 per a la sortida de Nur Husain de Mogadiscio. </ref>.
 
 
 
Hassen explains the tradition around Nur Husain as reflecting the fact that "Gomma was the first state in the Gibe region where Islam became the religion of the whole people."<ref name="Hassen, The Oromo, p. 109"/> Trimingham states that Gomma was the first of the Gibe kingdoms to convert to [[Islam]], quoting Major G.W. Harris as writing that by 1841 "in Goma the Moslem faith is universal."<ref>J. Spencer Trimingham, ''Islam in Ethiopia'' (Oxford: Geoffrey Cumberlege for the University Press, 1952), p. 200.</ref>
 
Hassen explica la tradició al voltant de Nur Husain com reflectir el fet En el qual "Gomma era el primer estat el Gibe regió on Islam es convertia en la religió de la gent sencera."<ref name="Hassen, L'Oromo, pàg. 109"/> Trimingham manifesta que Gomma era el primer del Gibe regnes per convertir-se en [[Islam]], citant G.W. Essencial Harris com escriure que per 1841 "a Goma la fe musulmana és universal."<ref>J Spencer Trimingham, ''Islam a Etiòpia'' (Oxford: Geoffrey Cumberlege per a la Premsa d'Universitat, 1952), pàg. 200. </ref>.
 
 
 
Hassen states that the first king of Gomma was [[Abba Boke]], although Beckingham and Huntingford state his son, [[Abba Manno]], had this honor. Abba Boke had gained control over all of Gomma, between Yacci and Dogaye, except for a region named Qattu. Abba Manno was able to annex Qattu during his reign (c. 1820 - 1840), and promoted Islam by patronizing Muslim religious teachers, as well as enhancing the activities of the [[Qadiriya]] order.<ref>Hassen, ''The Oromo'', p. 110.</ref>
 
Hassen manifesta que el primer rei de Gomma era [[Abba Boke]], encara que Beckingham i Huntingford manifesten que el seu fill, [[Abba Manno]], tenia aquest honor. Abba Boke havia guanyat control sobre tot de Gomma, entre Yacci i Dogaye, amb l'excepció d'una regió nomenada Qattu. Abba Manno podia annexionar Qattu durant el seu regnat (c. 1820 - 1840), i promovia Islam per professors religiosos musulmans protectors, així com realçant les activitats de l'ordre de [[Qadiriyya|Qadiriya]].<ref>Hassen, ''L'Oromo'', pàg. 110. </ref>.
 
 
 
Gomma was conquered in 1886 by Besha Abue on behalf of Emperor [[Menelek II of Ethiopia|Menelik II]].
 
Gomma era conquerit el 1886 per Besha Abue en benefici d'Emperor [[Menelik Ii]].
 
 
 
==See also==
 
== Veure també ==
* [[Rulers of the Giba State of Goma]]
 
* [[ Governants De L'estat De Giba De Goma]]
* [[List of Sunni Muslim dynasties]]
 
* [[Llista de les dinasties musulmanes sunnites| Llista De Dinasties Musulmanes De]] SUNNI
 
 
 
==Notes==
 
== Notes ==
{{reflist}}
 
{{Referències}}
 
 
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gomma}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gomma}}
 
[[Categoria:Estats històrics]]
[[Categoria:Història política]]
[[Categoria:Regnes]]
[[Categoria:Geografia històrica d'Àfrica]]
[[Categoria:Història d'Etiòpia]]
[[Category:Former monarchies of Africa]]
[[Category:History of Ethiopia]]
[[Category:States and territories established in the 18th century]]
[[Category:1886 disestablishments]]
 
[[ca:Regne de Gomma]]
[[de:Königreich Gomma]]
[[en:Kingdom of Gomma]]
[[he:ממלכת גומה]]
[[en:Kingdom of Gomma]]