Chandrayaan-3: diferència entre les revisions
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Separo clarament l'experiment "Hop" de l'apartat "Nau" i afegeixo "científics" a l'apartat "Resultats" per distingir un experiment tècnic i els experiments científics. |
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== Experiment "''Hop''" ==
El 3 de setembre de 2023, el [[mòdul de descens]] ''Vikram'' va engegar els seus motors per fer un breu "''Hop''" (salt) a la superfície lunar, ascendint 40 cm fora de la superfície lunar i traslladant-se una distància similar de forma lateral per la superfície.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2023 |title=Chandrayaan-3 lander Vikram comes up with a surprise, makes a 'jump' on the Moon |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/chandrayaan-3-lander-vikram-hops-on-moons-surface-says-isro-8923440/ |access-date=3 October 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> La prova va demostrar les capacitats que es poden utilitzar en futures missions de retorn de mostres.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1698570774385205621 |user=isro |title=Vikram Lander exceeded its mission objectives. It successfully underwent a hop experiment. On command, it fired the engines, elevated itself by about 40 cm as expected and landed safely at a distance of 30 – 40 cm away. Importance?: This 'kick-start' enthuses future sample return and human missions! All systems performed nominally and are healthy. Deployed Ramp, ChaSTE and ILSA were folded back and redeployed successfully after the experiment. |last=[[Indian Space Research Organization|ISRO]] |date=4 September 2023}}</ref>
== Resultats científics ==
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ChaSTE fou dissenyat per estudiar la conductivitat tèrmica de la superfície de la Lluna i mesurar les diferències de temperatura en diferents punts de la superfície i per sota, amb l'objectiu general de crear un perfil tèrmic de la Lluna.
[[Fitxer:The_graph_of_temperature_variation_across_the_lunar_topsoil_at_a_point_in_the_solar_polar_region,_as_measured_by_the_ChaSTE_instrument.png|miniatura| El gràfic de la variació de temperatura a través del sòl lunar en un punt de la regió polar solar, mesurat per l'instrument ChaSTE]]
El científic de l'ISRO BH Darukesha va dir que "no s'esperava" l'alt rang de temperatures de 70 graus Celsius a prop de la superfície.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2023 |title=70-degree Celsius moon surface temperature was not expected: Scientists |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/70degree-celcius-moon-surface-temperature-was-not-expected-scientists-101693156089990.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829201905/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/70degree-celcius-moon-surface-temperature-was-not-expected-scientists-101693156089990.html |archive-date=29 August 2023 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
=== Detecció de sofre ===
El 29 d'agost de 2023, l'agència espacial [[Agència Índia d'Investigació Espacial|ISRO]] va informar que l'instrument de l'espectroscopi de ruptura induïda per làser (LIBS) a bord de l'[[astromòbil lunar]] ''Pragyan'' havia confirmat "de manera inequívoca" la presència de [[sofre]] a la superfície lunar prop del pol sud, mitjançant "primeres mesures in situ".<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2023 |title=India's moon rover confirms sulfur and detects several other elements near the lunar south pole |url=https://apnews.com/article/indias-moon-mission-finds-chemicals-a0f5b3c91fd71c2a3ae573d4048a5d05 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829215324/https://apnews.com/article/indias-moon-mission-finds-chemicals-a0f5b3c91fd71c2a3ae573d4048a5d05 |archive-date=29 August 2023 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandrayaan-3 rover confirms presence of sulphur in lunar surface, search for Hydrogen underway: ISRO |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/chandrayaan-3-rover-confirms-presence-of-sulphur-in-lunar-surface-search-for-hydrogen-underway-isro/cid/1962438 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829201908/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/chandrayaan-3-rover-confirms-presence-of-sulphur-in-lunar-surface-search-for-hydrogen-underway-isro/cid/1962438 |archive-date=29 August 2023 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref> La presència de sofre a la Lluna ja era coneguda amb anterioritat;<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Vaniman |first1=D. |last2=Pettit |first2=D. |last3=Heiken |first3=G. |date=1992 |title=Uses of lunar sulfur |url=https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1992lbsa.conf..429V |url-status=live |journal=Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st Century |publisher=SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) |page=429 |bibcode=1992lbsa.conf..429V |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830133125/https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1992lbsa.conf..429V |archive-date=30 August 2023 |access-date=30 August 2023}}</ref> però, va ser detectat per primera vegada al pol sud per l'astromòbil hindú.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandrayaan-3 rover finds sulphur on moon's south pole – The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/nation/2023/aug/30/chandrayaan-3-rover-finds-sulphur-on-moons-south-pole-2609954.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830141016/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/aug/30/chandrayaan-3-rover-finds-sulphur-on-moons-south-pole-2609954.amp |archive-date=30 August 2023 |access-date=30 August 2023 |website=www.newindianexpress.com|date=9 August 2023}}</ref>
A part del sofre, l'astromòbil també va detectar altres elements com alumini (Al), calci (Ca), ferro (Fe), crom (Cr), titani (Ti), manganès (Mn), silici (Si) i oxigen (O).<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2023 |title=Chandrayaan-3's Pragyan rover confirms presence of sulfur on surface of Moon |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/chandrayaan3-confirms-presence-of-sulphur-on-moon-s-surface-in-first-in-situ-recordings-hydrogen-search-underway-101693335242683.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829201905/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/chandrayaan3-confirms-presence-of-sulphur-on-moon-s-surface-in-first-in-situ-recordings-hydrogen-search-underway-101693335242683.html |archive-date=29 August 2023 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> L'agència va dir que també està buscant hidrogen (H).<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2023 |title=Chandrayaan-3: Pragyaan rover detects presence of sulphur on Moon, search for hydrogen underway |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/story/chandrayaan-3-pragyaan-rover-detects-presence-of-sulphur-on-moon-search-for-hydrogen-underway-396161-2023-08-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829170550/https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/story/chandrayaan-3-pragyaan-rover-detects-presence-of-sulphur-on-moon-search-for-hydrogen-underway-396161-2023-08-29 |archive-date=29 August 2023 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name="nature">{{Cite journal |last=Padma |first=T. V. |date=8 September 2023 |title=India's Moon mission: four things Chandrayaan-3 has taught scientists |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-02852-7 |url-status=live |journal=Nature |volume=621 |issue=7979 |page=456 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-023-02852-7 |pmid=37726438 |bibcode=2023Natur.621..456P |s2cid=261620796 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230914171729/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-02852-7 |archive-date=14 September 2023 |access-date=13 September 2023}}</ref>
[[Fitxer:Ch3_1st_libs_plot_2.png|miniatura| L'astromòbil ''Pragyan'' va detectar elements presents a la Lluna.]]
=== Mesurament de plasma ===
El 31 d'agost de 2023, l'agència espacial [[Agència Índia d'Investigació Espacial|ISRO]] va publicar les dades de densitat de plasma de l'instrument RAMBHA a bord del [[mòdul de descens]] ''Vikram''. D'acord amb les primeres avaluacions, es va informar de densitats de plasma relativament baixes sobre la superfície lunar que variaven de 5 a 30 milions d'electrons per m<sup>3</sup>. L'avaluació es refereix a les primeres etapes del dia lunar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RAMBHA-LP on-board Chandrayaan-3 measures near-surface plasma content |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Ch3_Rambha-LP_near-surface_Plasma.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917044514/https://www.isro.gov.in/Ch3_Rambha-LP_near-surface_Plasma.html |archive-date=17 September 2023 |access-date=31 August 2023 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref>
=== Mesures sísmiques ===
El mateix dia, ISRO va publicar dades de l'instrument ILSA que portava el [[mòdul de descens]] ''Vikram'', proporcionant mesures de vibració del moviment de l'[[Astromòbil lunar|astromòbil]] el 25 d'agost i un presumpte esdeveniment natural el 26 d'agost. La causa d'aquest darrer esdeveniment és objecte d'investigació.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ILSA listens to the movements around the landing site |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Ch3_ILSA_Listens_Landing_Site.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917045041/https://www.isro.gov.in/Ch3_ILSA_Listens_Landing_Site.html |archive-date=17 September 2023 |access-date=31 August 2023 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref> Se sospita que és un terratrèmol lunar.<ref name="nature" />
== Referències ==
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