Batalla de les Malvines: diferència entre les revisions
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Línia 24:
La '''Batalla de les Malvines''' va tenir lloc el 8 de desembre de 1914 prop de les [[illes Malvines]] i va suposar la destrucció de l'esquadra alemanya del pacífic comandada per l'almirall [[Maximilian von Spee]]. Aquesta fou una victòria decisiva per la [[Royal Navy]], després de la vergonya que suposà la derrota de la [[batalla de Coronel]].
L'esquadra alemanya estava formada dos creuers cuirassats de la classe ''Scharnhorst'', l'[[SMS Scharnhorst|SMS ''Scharnhorst'']] i l'[[SMS Gneisenau|SMS ''Gneisenau'']]; i tres [[creuer lleuger|creuers lleugers]]: [[SMS Nürnberg (1906)|''Nürnberg'']], [[SMS Dresden (1907)|''Dresden'']] i l'[[SMS Leipzig|''Leipzig'']]; a més comptaven amb 3 vaixells auxiliars. El seu objectiu era atacar el port i base britànica d'Stanley a les Illes Malvines.
L'esquadra britànica era notablement superior amb dos [[Creuer de batalla|creuers de batalla]]: [[HMS Invincible (1907)|HMS ''Invincible'']] i [[HMS Inflexible (1907)|HMS ''Inflexible'']]; tres creuers cuirassats: [[HMS Carnarvon|HMS ''Carnarvon'']], [[HMS Cornwall (1902)|HMS ''Cornwall'']] i [[HMS Kent (1901)|HMS ''Kent'']]; i dos creuers lleugers (arribats a port el dia abans): [[HMS Bristol (1910)|HMS ''Bristol'']] i [[HMS Glasgow (1909)|HMS ''Glasgow'']].
Línia 50:
''Inflexible'' and ''Invincible'' turned to fire broadsides at the armoured cruisers and Spee responded by trying to close the range. His flagship ''Scharnhorst'' took extensive damage with funnels flattened, fires and a list. The list became worse at 16:04 and she sank by 16:17. ''Gneisenau'' continued to fire and evade until 17:15 by which time her ammunition had gone and her crew allowed her to sink, going down at 18:02. During her death throes, Admiral Sturdee continued to engage ''Gneisenau'' with his two battlecruisers and the cruiser ''Carnarvon'', rather than detaching one of the battlecruisers to hunt down the escaping ''Dresden''. Of the ''Gneisenau'''s crew, 190 were rescued from the water. The battlecruisers had received about 40 hits and lost one man, with four more injured.
Meanwhile, [[SMS Nürnberg (1906)|''Nürnberg'']] and [[SMS Leipzig|''Leipzig'']] had run from the British cruisers. The ''Nürnberg'' was running at full speed but in need of maintenance, while the crew of the pursuing ''Kent'' were pushing her boilers and engines to the limit. ''Nurnberg'' finally turned to battle at 17:30. ''Kent'' had the advantage in shell weight and armour. ''Nurnberg'' suffered two boiler explosions around 18:30, giving the advantage in speed and manoeuvre to ''Kent''. She then rolled over at 19:27 after a long chase. The cruisers ''Glasgow'' and ''Cornwall'' had chased down ''Leipzig''. ''Glasgow'' closed to finish ''Leipzig'' which had run out of ammunition but was still flying her [[battle ensign]]. She fired two flares, so ''Glasgow'' halted fire. At 21:23, more than {{convert|80|mi|km|-1}} southeast of the Falklands, she rolled over, leaving only 18 survivors.
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