Campanya del Sinaí i Palestina: diferència entre les revisions

 

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=== Acció de Berukin (9-11 d'abril) ===

53- General Allenby intended to follow the cutting of the Hedjaz Railway at Amman with an advance to [[Tulkarm]] and [[Nablus]] and despite the failure of the Amman attack proceeded with plans to capture Tulkarm.{{sfn|Keogh|1955|p=213}}

 

 

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=== Reorganització de la cavalleria de la Força Fronterera Oriental ===

 

22- The British Indian Army's 4th and 5th Cavalry Divisions, which had fought on the Western Front since 1914, were disbanded. They were reformed in the Middle East, with yeomanry regiments replacing British regular cavalry regiments, which remained on the Western Front.{{sfn|Sumner|2001|p=9}} Nine British yeomanry regiments from the Yeomanry Mounted Division (Desert Mounted Corps) were sent to France to reinforce the [[British Expeditionary Force (World War I)|British Expeditionary Force]] fighting the Spring Offensive.{{sfn|Cutlack|1941|p=121}}

== L'ofensiva de Meguidó ==

{{AP|Battle of Megiddo (1918)|Battle of Sharon (1918)|Battle of Nablus (1918)|Third Transjordan attack (1918)}}

11- As the dry season approached Allenby intended to advance to secure Tiberias, Haifa and the Yarmuk Valley towards Hauran, the Sea of Galilee and Damascus.{{sfn|Wavell|1968|p=176-177}}{{sfn|Woodward|2006|p=162}} The peoples inhabiting the region of the Sharon battlefield varied greatly in their background, religious beliefs and political outlook. Living from [[Jericho]] northwards, were indigenous Jews in Samaria, [[Moravians (ethnic group)|Moravians]] in [[Galilee]], some [[Druze|Druse]], [[Metawali|Shi'a Metawals]] and a few [[Paganism|Nussiri (pagans)]]. In the east were the [[Bedouin]].<ref name="BAH61">Manual de l'Exèrcit Britànic 9/4/18 p. 61</ref> In Haifa town, about half the population was [[Muslim]] and in [[Acre, Israel|Acre]] almost all were Muslim. On the Esdraelon Plain as far as Beisan were [[Sunni Islam|Sunni Arabs]] and one new [[Jewish]] [[colony]] near Afulah. Muslims, Christians and Jews lived in the foothill country of Northern Galilee. Christians of at least five denominations formed a large majority in and around Nazareth town. The inhabitants of the eastern part of this Northern Galilee area were predominantly indigenous Jews, who had always inhabited [[Tiberias]] and [[Safed]].<ref>Manual de l'exèrcit britànic 9/4/18 p. 62</ref> In the region of the Nablus battlefield, the inhabitants from [[Beersheba]] to [[Jericho]] were also quite diverse. The population was mainly [[Arab]] of the [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] branch of Islam, with some [[Jewish]] [[colonists]] and [[Christians]]. At [[Shechem|Nablus]], they were almost exclusively [[Moslems]] excepting the less than 200 members of the [[Samaritan]] sect of original Jews. To the east of the Jordan Valley in the [[Al-Salt|Es Salt]] district were [[Syrian]] and [[Greek Orthodox]] Christians, and near [[Amman]], [[Circassians]] and [[Syrian Turks|Turkmans]].<ref name="BAH61" />

 

=== Persecució a Damasc ===

{{AP|Charge at Irbid|Battle of Jisr Benat Yakub|Charge at Kaukab|Charge at Kiswe|Capture of Damascus (1918)}}

8- The war in Palestine was over but in Syria lasted for a further month. The ultimate goal of Allenby's and Feisal's armies was [[Damascus]]. Two separate Allied columns marched towards Damascus. The first, composed mainly of Australian and Indian cavalry, approached from Galilee, while the other column, consisting of Indian cavalry and the ''ad hoc'' militia following [[T.E. Lawrence]], travelled northwards along the [[Hejaz Railway]]. Australian Light Horse troops marched unopposed into Damascus on 1 October 1918, despite the presence of some 12,000 Ottoman soldiers at [[Baramkeh|Baramke Barracks]]. Major Olden of the Australian 10th Light Horse Regiment received the official surrender of the city at 7 am at the Serai. Later that day, Lawrence's irregulars entered Damascus.