|
'''Kurmuk''' és una ciutat a [[Sudan]] cap al sud-est del país, prop de la frontera amb [[Etiòpia]]. Kurmuk està habitat pels pobles [[Uduk]] i [[Berta (poble)|Berta]] i està controlada per l'[[EPAS]].
{{Traducció|en|Kurmuk}}
{{For|the town in [[Ethiopia]]|Kormuk}}
Kurmuk és el centre administratiu pels districtes de Gindi, Kolnugura, Borfa, Jammus Omm, Chali, Penawayu, Bee, Balila i Yabus que troben millors serveis mèdics a Kurmuk. El tinent general i governador [[Malik Agar]] actualment considera a Kurmuk com la capital de l'[[estat del Nil Blau]]. Malik Agar és l'ex comandant de l'EPAS a la zona, que fou escollit governador de l'estat i després de la independència del Sudan del Sud va esdevenir cap del EPAS-Secció Nord si be el govern sudanès en contra d'allò pactat el va cessar com a governador i va ocupar part de l'estat on va nomenar un nou governador (un militar nordista) retirant-se Agar cap al sud on té les millors bases.<ref>[http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article22660 "Sudanese president names SPLM’s Agar as governor of Blue Nile"] (Sudan Tribune); [http://www.newsudanvision.com/news/malik-agar-orders-sudan-s-spla-move-southward-names-kurmuk-capital-southern-blue-nile-630 "Malik Agar orders Sudan's SPLA to move southward, names Kurmuk capital of Southern Blue Nile"]</ref>
{{For|the town in [[Ethiopia]]|Kormuk}}
:
La població de Kurmuk inclou un cert nombre de musulmanes i cristianes. Moltes de les persones d'ètnia uduk s'han convertit al cristianisme. Altres grups ètnics a Kurmuk inclouen els Igansina, Jumum i Mufuwu.
:
{{Infobox settlement
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
<!-- Basic info ---------------->
|official_name = Kurmuk
|other_name =
|native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
|nickname =
|settlement_type = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->
|motto =
<!-- images and maps ----------->
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|flag_size =
|image_seal =
|seal_size =
|image_shield =
|shield_size =
|image_blank_emblem =
|blank_emblem_type =
|blank_emblem_size =
|image_map =
|mapsize =
|map_caption =
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
|image_dot_map =
|dot_mapsize =
|dot_map_caption =
|dot_x = |dot_y =
|pushpin_map = Sudan<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->
|pushpin_label_position =top
|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Sudan
<!-- Location ------------------>
|coordinates_region = SD
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = [[Image:Flag of Sudan.svg|25px]] [[Sudan]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[States of Sudan|State]]
|subdivision_name1 =
|subdivision_type2 =
|subdivision_name2 =
|subdivision_type3 =
|subdivision_name3 =
|subdivision_type4 =
|subdivision_name4 =
<!-- Politics ----------------->
|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
|leader_name1 =
|leader_title2 =
|leader_name2 =
|leader_title3 =
|leader_name3 =
|leader_title4 =
|leader_name4 =
|established_title = <!-- Settled -->
|established_date =
|established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
|established_date2 =
|established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
|established_date3 =
<!-- Area --------------------->
|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref =Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
|area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->
|area_water_km2 =
|area_total_sq_mi =
|area_land_sq_mi =
|area_water_sq_mi =
|area_water_percent =
|area_urban_km2 =
|area_urban_sq_mi =
|area_metro_km2 =
|area_metro_sq_mi =
|area_blank1_title =
|area_blank1_km2 =
|area_blank1_sq_mi =
<!-- Population ----------------------->
|population_as_of =2005
|population_footnotes =
|population_note =
|population_total =
|population_density_km2 =
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_metro =
|population_density_metro_km2 =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban =
|population_density_urban_km2 =
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|population_blank1_title =Ethnicities
|population_blank1 =
|population_blank2_title =Religions
|population_blank2 =
|population_density_blank1_km2 =
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =
<!-- General information --------------->
|timezone =
|utc_offset =
|timezone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST =
|latd=10|latm=33|lats= |latNS=N
|longd=34 |longm=17 |longs= |longEW=E
|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft =
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
|postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
|postal_code =
|area_code =
|blank_name =
|blank_info =
|blank1_name =
|blank1_info =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
<!-- Basic info ---------------->
|official_name = Kurmuk
|other_name =
|native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
|nickname =
|settlement_type = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->
|motto =
<!-- images and maps ----------->
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|flag_size =
|image_seal =
|seal_size =
|image_shield =
|shield_size =
|image_blank_emblem =
|blank_emblem_type =
|blank_emblem_size =
|image_map =
|mapsize =
|map_caption =
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
|image_dot_map =
|dot_mapsize =
|dot_map_caption =
|dot_x = |dot_y =
|pushpin_map = Sudan<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->
|pushpin_label_position =top
|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Sudan
<!-- Location ------------------>
|coordinates_region = SD
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = [[Fitxer:Flag of Sudan.svg|25px]] [[Sudan]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[States of Sudan|State]]
|subdivision_name1 =
|subdivision_type2 =
|subdivision_name2 =
|subdivision_type3 =
|subdivision_name3 =
|subdivision_type4 =
|subdivision_name4 =
<!-- Politics ----------------->
|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
|leader_name1 =
|leader_title2 =
|leader_name2 =
|leader_title3 =
|leader_name3 =
|leader_title4 =
|leader_name4 =
|established_title = <!-- Settled -->
|established_date =
|established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
|established_date2 =
|established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
|established_date3 =
<!-- Area --------------------->
|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref =Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
|area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->
|area_water_km2 =
|area_total_sq_mi =
|area_land_sq_mi =
|area_water_sq_mi =
|area_water_percent =
|area_urban_km2 =
|area_urban_sq_mi =
|area_metro_km2 =
|area_metro_sq_mi =
|area_blank1_title =
|area_blank1_km2 =
|area_blank1_sq_mi =
<!-- Population ----------------------->
|population_as_of =2005
|population_footnotes =
|population_note =
|population_total =
|population_density_km2 =
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_metro =
|population_density_metro_km2 =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban =
|population_density_urban_km2 =
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|population_blank1_title =Ethnicities
|population_blank1 =
|population_blank2_title =Religions
|population_blank2 =
|population_density_blank1_km2 =
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =
<!-- General information --------------->
|timezone =
|utc_offset =
|timezone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST =
|latd=10|latm=33|lats= |latNS=N
|longd=34 |longm=17 |longs= |longEW=E
|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft =
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
|postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
|postal_code =
|area_code =
|blank_name =
|blank_info =
|blank1_name =
|blank1_info =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}
'''Kurmuk''' is a town in south-eastern [[Sudan]] near the border with [[Ethiopia]].
'''Kurmuk''' és una ciutat a [[Sudan]] cap al sud oriental prop de la frontera amb [[Etiòpia]].
Kurmuk is inhabited by the [[Uduk people|Uduk]] and [[Berta people]]s and is controlled by the [[Sudan People's Liberation Army|SPLM]].
Kurmuk està habitat per l'[[Uduk]] i [[Berta peoples]] i és controlat pel [[Splm]].
Kurmuk is the administrative center for most of Gindi District, Kolnugura district, Borfa District, Jammus Omm District, Chali District, Penawayu District, Bee District, Balila District and [[Yabus]] who find better medical services in Kurmuk. Lt. General and Governor [[Malik Agar]] currently names Kurmuk the capital city of [[Blue Nile (state)|Southern Blue Nile]]. Malik Agar is the former SPLM commander who is currently the governor of [[Blue Nile (state)|Blue Nile]] state.<ref>[http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article22660 "Sudanese president names SPLM’s Agar as governor of Blue Nile"] (Sudan Tribune); [http://www.newsudanvision.com/news/malik-agar-orders-sudan-s-spla-move-southward-names-kurmuk-capital-southern-blue-nile-630 "Malik Agar orders Sudan's SPLA to move southward, names Kurmuk capital of Southern Blue Nile"]</ref>
Kurmuk és el centre administratiu per a la majoria de Gindi District, districte Kolnugura, Borfa District, Jammus Omm District, Chali District, Penawayu District, Districte d'Abella, Balila District i [[Yabus]] que troben serveis més ben mèdics a Kurmuk. Lloctinent General i Governor [[Malik Agar]] actualment anomena Kurmuk la capital ciutat de [[Nil Blau (estat)|Nil Blau Del Sud]]. Malik Agar és l'anterior comandant Splm que és actualment el governador d'estat del [[Nil Blau (estat)|Nil Blau]].<Ref>[http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article22660 "Noms de president sudanès l'Agar de Splm com governador de Nil Blau"] (Tribú del Sudan); [http://www.newsudanvision.com/news/malik-agar-orders-sudan-s-spla-move-southward-names-kurmuk-capital-southern-blue-nile-630 "Malik Agar demana el Spla del Sudan per moure's cap al sud, capital de Kurmuk de noms de Nil Blau del Sud"] </ref>.
The population of Kurmuk includes a number of Muslim and Christian Communities. Many of the [[Uduk people]] have converted to Christianity. Other ethnic groups include the Igansina, Jumum and Mufuwu in Kurmuk.
La població de Kurmuk inclou un cert nombre de Comunitats musulmanes i cristianes. Moltes de les [[Persones d'uduk]] s'han convertit en cristianisme. Uns altres grups ètnics inclouen l'Igansina, Jumum i Mufuwu a Kurmuk.
== History ==
== Història ==
In January 1932, Sudanese and Ethiopian officials met at Kurmuk to resolve problems caused by Ethiopian slavers preying on villages in Sudan.<ref>Abdussamad H. Ahmad, [http://www.jstor.org/stable/183622 "Trading in Slaves in Bela-Shangul and Gumuz, Ethiopia: Border Enclaves in History, 1897-1938", ''Journal of African History''], 40 (1999), p. 444</ref>
El gener de 1932, els oficials sudanesos i etiòpics es trobavenvan trobar a Kurmuk per resoldre problemes provocats per etíopesclavistes bavejaetíops preyingque enatacaven pobles al Sudan.<Refref>Abdussamad H. Ahmad, ["Comerciant http://www.jstor.org/stable/183622 amb"Trading Esclausin aSlaves in Bela-Shangul iand Gumuz, EtiòpiaEthiopia: Enclavaments deBorder FronteraEnclaves enin HistòriaHistory, 1897-1938", ''DiariJournal d'Històriaof AfricanaAfrican History'' ], 40 (1999), pàgp. 444 </ref>.
Due to the numerous ethnic groups living in and around Kurmuk, many of whom feel marginalized by the [[Islam in Sudan|Islamic tendencies]] of the central government, the city has been a political hotspot since rebellion against the Islamic regime in 1983.
A causa dels grups ètnics nombrosos que viuen dins i al voltant de Kurmuk, molts del qual se senten marginats per les [[Tendències islàmiques]] del govern central, la ciutat ha estat un hotspot polític des de rebel·lió contra el règim islàmic el 1983.
Due to lack of [[Education in Sudan|education]] in Kurmuk County particularly, the Minister/Advisory of the Governor Steven Amath Dicko convened with his Uduk group in November 2008 in an attempt to tax citizens as means to generate revenues to bring primary schools and secondary educations to every district of the Uduk.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} To alleviate this deficiency, [[United States Agency for International Development]] built the Granville-Abbas Girls' Secondary School in Kurmuk, which was opened 8 March 2010. The school was named for an American diplomat and his Sudanese colleague who were both assassinated in Khartoum on January 1, 2008.<ref>[http://www.usaid.gov/press/releases/2010/pr100308.html "U.S. Government and Blue Nile State Government Dedicate Granville-Abbas Girls' Secondary School, Kurmuk"], USAID website (accessed 19 December 2010)</ref>
A causa de manca d'[[educació]] en Comtat Kurmuk especialment, el Ministre/Consultiu del Governador Steven Amath Dicko convocat amb el seu grup d'Uduk el novembre de 2008 en un intent per gravar ciutadans com mitjà de generar els ingressos per portar escoles primàries i educacions secundàries a tots els districtes de la Citació d'Uduk.{{Citació necessària|data = September 2009}} alleujar aquesta deficiència, [[Agència Dels Estats Units]] que FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT construïa l'Escola d'Ensenyament Secundari de les Noies de Granville-Abbas a Kurmuk, que s'obria 8 de març de 2010. L'escola s'anomenava per un diplomàtic americà i el seu col·lega sudanès que qui eren els dos assassinava a Khartum l'1 de gener, de 2008.<Ref>[http://www.usaid.gov/press/releases/2010/pr100308.html "EUA el Govern i el Govern Estatal del Nil Blau Dediquen l'Escola d'Ensenyament Secundari de les Noies de Granville-Abbas, Kurmuk]", lloc web Usaid (accedit a ell 19 de desembre de 2010) </ref>.
A causa dels nombrosos grups ètnics que viuen dins i al voltant de Kurmuk, molts del qual se senten marginats per les tendències islàmiques del govern central, la ciutat ha estat un centre polític de la rebel·lió contra el règim islàmic des de el 1983.
A causa de manca d'educació al comtat o districte de Kurmuk, el ministre i conseller del governador Steven Amath Dicko va acordar amb un grup de l'ètnia Uduk el novembre de 2008, intentar cobrar taxes per generar els ingressos necessaris per mantenir escoles primàries i secundàries a tots els districtes de població Uduk i alleujar aquesta deficiència. L'Agència dels Estats Units per Desenvolupament Internacional va construir l'Escola d'Ensenyament Secundari de Noies de Granville-Abbas a Kurmuk, que es va obrir el 8 de març de 2010. L'escola s'anomenava amb els cognoms d'un diplomàtic americà i el seu col·lega sudanès que foren assassinats a Khartum l'1 de gener de 2008.<ref>[http://www.usaid.gov/press/releases/2010/pr100308.html "U.S. Government and Blue Nile State Government Dedicate Granville-Abbas Girls' Secondary School, Kurmuk"], USAID website (accessed 19 December 2010)</ref>
== Notes ==
== Notes ==
{{reflist}}
{{Referències}}
{{Coord|10|33|N|34|17|E|region:SD_type:city|display=title}}
{{Coord|10|33|N|34|17|E|region:SD_type:city|display=title}}
[[Categoria:Ciutats del Sudan]]
[[Categoria:Fronteres]]
[[Categoria:Geografia d'Etiòpia]]
[[Category:Populated places in Sudan]]
[[Category:Ethiopia–Sudan border crossings]]
[[Category:Blue Nile (state)]]
[[ar:كرمك (مدينة)]]
| 