This graphic represents the four datasets defined by Francis Anscombe for which some of the usual statistical properties (mean, variance, correlation and regression line) are the same, even though the datasets are different.
Property
Value
Mean of each variable
9.0
Variance of each variable
11.0
Mean of each variable
7.5
Variance of each variable
4.12
Correlation between each and variable
0.816
Regression line
The graph was created by User:Schutz for Wikipedia on 13 June 2006 (and updated on 29 March 2010), using the R statistical project. The program that generated the graphic is given below; it is based on the example provided with the help page of the R dataset anscombe (accessible using the command data(anscombe); help and more information about the dataset is available using the command help(anscombe)), and was slightly modified to improve the result. The graph was directly exported in SVG format.
References:
Anscombe, Francis J. (1973) Graphs in statistical analysis. American Statistician, 27, 17–21.
R Development Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria. 2006. ISBN3-900051-07-0. http://www.R-project.org
svg("anscombe.svg", width=10.5, height=7)
par(las=1)
##-- some "magic" to do the 4 regressions in a loop:
ff <- y ~ x
for(i in 1:4) {
ff[2:3] <- lapply(paste(c("y","x"), i, sep=""), as.name)
## or ff2 <- as.name(paste("y", i, sep=""))
## ff3 <- as.name(paste("x", i, sep=""))
assign(paste("lm.",i,sep=""), lmi <- lm(ff, data= anscombe))
}
## Now, do what you should have done in the first place: PLOTS
op <- par(mfrow=c(2,2), mar=1.5+c(4,3.5,0,1), oma=c(0,0,0,0),
lab=c(6,6,7), cex.lab=1.5, cex.axis=1.3, mgp=c(3,1,0))
for(i in 1:4) {
ff[2:3] <- lapply(paste(c("y","x"), i, sep=""), as.name)
plot(ff, data =anscombe, col="red", pch=21, bg = "orange", cex = 2.5,
xlim=c(3,19), ylim=c(3,13),
xlab=eval(substitute(expression(x[i]), list(i=i))),
ylab=eval(substitute(expression(y[i]), list(i=i))))
abline(get(paste("lm.",i,sep="")), col="blue")
}
dev.off()
The R project is licensed under the GPL [1]; since this image is a derived work of an example script provided with R, it is also licenced under the GPL.
However, all modifications made by User:Schutz are also licensed under the CC-BY-SA licence.
Aquest treball és programari lliure. Podeu redistribuir-lo i modificar-lo sota els termes de la Llicència Pública General GNU (GNU GPL), publicada per la Free Software Foundation; en la seva versió número 2 o en qualsevol posterior. Aquesta obra es distribueix sota l'esperança que sigui d'utilitat, però sense cap mena de garantia, fins i tot sense la garantia implícita de comercialització o d'adequació per a un propòsit particular. Vegeu els texts de la versió 2 i de la versió 3 de la GNU GPL per a més detalls.http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.htmlGPLGNU General Public Licensetruetrue
Aquest fitxer conté informació addicional, probablement afegida per la càmera digital o l'escàner utilitzat per a crear-lo o digitalitzar-lo. Si s'ha modificat posteriorment, alguns detalls poden no reflectir les dades reals del fitxer modificat.