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{{Infobox organization}}L’'''Associació Pro-Memòria als Immolats per la Llibertat a Catalunya''' is a Catalan association founded in 1976 which, among other objectives, has been fighting for the ''Right to Memory'' of the people executed by Franco's regime in Catalonia for political and ideological reasons; for the ''Right to Memory'' of all victims of Franco's violence and repression, since the coup d'état of 18 July 1936; and which continues to fight for the effective and immediate application of the '''''[https://www.ohchr.org/en/transitional-justice/about-transitional-justice-and-human-rights Transitional Justice]principles of truth, justice, reparation, memorialization and guarantees of non-recurrence'''''
This Association was the driving force behind the recovery of a mass grave in the [[Montjuïc Cemetery]] in Barcelona as a ''Space of Memory,'' the [[:en:Fossar_de_la_Pedrera|Fossar de la Pedrera]], where at least 1,717 people - 1,706 men and 11 women - executed in Barcelona between 1939 and 1952 had been buried, and has been demanding, since its foundation, the illegitimacy and illegality of the Francoist courts; the annulment of the trials, sentences and convictions carried out by the courts of the dictatorship; and reparation for its victims.
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=== El Fossar de la Pedrera ===▼
El 1984 hi inaugurà l'escultura de ''La Pietat''<ref>{{Ref-web|url=https://monuments.iec.cat/fitxa.asp?id=719|títol=Pietat|consulta=27 març 2020|editor=Institut d'Estudis Catalans|obra=Monuments Commemoratius de Catalunya}}</ref>, una pietat laica en memòria dels immolats, obra de l’escultor Ferran Ventura, erigida per subscripció popular, amb la inscripció següent:▼
In 1976, in the Fossar de la Pedrera - when it was still a mass grave - he organised the first homage to the executed people, which until then had been forbidden. Three years later, he succeeded in removing its function as a mass grave and had the space set aside to build a monument to the people executed in Barcelona between 1939 and 1952 and buried in the Fossar<ref>{{GEC|21025115|Fossar de la Pedrera}}</ref>.
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''«Als immolats per la llibertat a Catalunya. Éreu alè i ara sou terra que amb vostra noble sang vau regar. Vergonya inútil pels qui us assassinaren doncs la justícia triomfarà»''▼
▲''«Als immolats per la llibertat a Catalunya. Éreu alè i ara sou terra que amb vostra noble sang vau regar. Vergonya inútil pels qui us assassinaren doncs la justícia triomfarà»''
La inscripció correspon al fragment d’un text escrit per Lluís Serra i Sancho, un dels fundadors de l’Associació i fill de Lluís Serra i Giribert, Alcalde del Prat de Llobregat, afusellat el 1939 al Camp de la Bota.▼
''"To those immolated for freedom in Catalonia. It was breath and now you are earth that with your noble blood watered. Useless shame for those who murdered you because justice will win"''
Gràcies a la lluita d'aquesta entitat i el reconeixement de les institucions catalanes -[[Parlament de Catalunya]], [[Generalitat de Catalunya]] i [[Ajuntament de Barcelona]]- el Fossar de la Pedrera és avui un dels ''Espais de Memòria'' més importants de Catalunya, un ''Espai de Memòria'' de referència i preserva la fossa comuna més gran del país, que el 1985 va ser reconeguda per la Generalitat de Catalunya i l'Ajuntament de Barcelona amb la construcció d’un mausoleu, on hi traslladaren les despulles del president [[Lluís Companys i Jover|Lluís Companys]],<ref>{{Ref-web|url=https://banc.memoria.gencat.cat/ca/app/#/result/espais_memoria/62|títol=Fossar de la Pedrera. Cementiri de Montjuïc|consulta=27 març 2020|editor=Memorial Democràtic de Catalunya|obra=Banc de la Memòria Democràtica}}</ref> 123è President de la [[Generalitat de Catalunya]]. El president Companys havia estat detingut 13 d'agost de 1940 a La Baule-les-Pins (Loira Atlàntic, França), per la policia militar alemanya, la [[Wehrmacht]]. El 15 d’octubre va ser afusellat al Castell de Montjuïc, a Barcelona.▼
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▲=== El Camp de la Bota ===
Coincidint amb els [[Jocs Olímpics de Barcelona 92|Jocs Olímpics de Barcelona '92]], l’Associació instà a l’Ajuntament de Barcelona la col·locació d'un monument i una placa commemorativa al [[El Camp de la Bota|Camp de la Bota]], l’espai -entre Barcelona i Sant Adrià de Besòs- on s’executaven els condemnats a mort pels tribunals militars franquistes, a la capital catalana. L'Ajuntament hi accedí amb la instal·lació de ''La Fraternitat'', un pilar metàl·lic de grans dimensions obra de [[Miquel Navarro]].<ref>{{Ref-web|url=https://monuments.iec.cat/fitxa.asp?id=750|títol=Fraternitat (als afusellats al Camp de la Bota)|consulta=27 març 2020|editor=Institut d'Estudis Catalans|obra=Monuments Commemoratius de Catalunya}}</ref> Una obra que va generar una certa polèmica i que les entitats memorialistes no se la van sentir seva.▼
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In 2004, it collaborated with the conceptual artist [[Francesc Abad]] in the creation of the exhibition ''El Camp de la Bota'', which until 2007 was shown itinerantly in twelve museums and exhibition halls around the country and which is maintained with a web-archive that can be visited online.
L’any 2017, la Generalitat de Catalunya va editar el llibre: ''Associació Pro-Memòria als Immolats per la Llibertat a Catalunya: La veu dels morts silenciats'', escrit per Maria Dolors Bernal i Joan Corbalán que recull la història i la trajectòria de l’Associació, fins aquell any.▼
In 2008, the Association promoted the publication of the book ''“Justícia, no venjança: els executats pel franquisme a Barcelona (1939-1952)”'' - Justice, not vengeance: those executed by Franco in Barcelona (1939-1952) - written by Joan Corbalán Gil, historian and professor, the result of exhaustive research to identify the more than 1,700 victims who were executed - mostly shot in the Camp de la Bota - and buried in the Fossar de la Pedrera.
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=== The annulment of the Francoist sentences ===
This association has historically been one of the organisations that has most promoted the demand for legal redress for the victims of the dictatorship. In 2003, it launched a campaign to gather the support of the 120 most populated municipalities in Catalonia, which was joined by 114 - representing a census of more than four million citizens - the four catalan provincial councils, the Generalitat and the governments of the autonomous communities of Andalusia, Castilla-La Mancha, Extremadura and the Basque Country, in order to request the Spanish government, presided by [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]], to annul the summary military trials.
Following the approval of the 2007 [[Historical Memory Law|Law of Historical Memory]], the organisation declared itself disappointed; among other reasons, by the lack of ambition of the legal text and the fact that, in the end, it did not declare the Francoist convictions null and void, which were considered "illegitimate" but not illegal.
On 29 June 2017, the Parliament of Catalonia unanimously approved the [[Llei de reparació jurídica de les víctimes del franquisme|Law for the legal reparation of the victims of Francoism]] - jointly promoted by the [https://www.comissiodeladignitat.cat/ Comissió de la Dignitat] and the Association - which represented a “historical and legal milestone, to all intents and purposes”, as Josep Cruanyes, spokesperson for the ''Comissió de la Dignitat'', declared. The law declared ''illegal the courts of the War Audit of the Army of Occupation, later called the Audit of the 4th Military Region, which acted in Catalonia from April 1938 until December 1978, as being contrary to the law and violating the most elementary requirements of the right to a fair trial. And, consequently, the full nullity, original or supervening, of all the sentences and resolutions of the cases and courts martial, dictated by political causes in Catalonia by the Franco regime, is deduced''.
In 2022, the Association was very critical with ''Law 20/2022, of 19 October, on Democratic Memory'', passed in the Spanish Parliament. Among other issues, the Association considered that the law left Francoism alive and unpunished and that the principles of ''Transitional Justice'' were far from being effective.
However, despite the shortcomings of the law, the Association will take part, together with other associations, in a campaign to promote the presentation of motions in municipal plenary sessions: “''Apliquem la llei de Memòria Democràtica”'' - Let's apply the Law of Democratic Memory. An initiative of the [https://www.ccoo.cat/ciprianogarcia/ Fundació Cipriano García-CCOO de Catalunya], which was publicly presented at [https://www.lamodel.barcelona/ca/espai-memorial la Model, Espai Memorial] - the former men's prison in Barcelona - on 31 March 2023, to make the positive measures of the law effective.
In November 20th 2023, the Association delivered to the ''Comissió de Justícia del Parlament de Catalunya'' - the J''ustice Commission of the Parliament of Catalonia'' - its ''written Appearance with reflections and contributions to the draft law of Democratic Memory of Catalonia'', demanding a law of ''Transitional Justice'', in the terms established by the United Nations, for the victims of Franco's violence and repression, since the coup d'état of 18 July 1936. A law that should contemplate, among other topics, the creation of a ''Truth Commission,'' special commissions for the victims of the ''Patronato de Protección a la Mujer'' and for ''Transitional Justice'' for the victims of Francoism and the deportation of the Roma people; studies on perpetrators, within the framework of the historiographical perspective known as ''Perpetrator Studies'', studies on the perpetrators of crimes against humanity; a ''Special Office for the Care of Victims of Violence, Repression and Enforced Disappearances of Francoism....''
== Acknowledgements ==
In 2006, Mollet Town Council awarded it the ''Civic Distinction''. This recognition is awarded by the town council to individuals or entities for their contribution to the life of the city.
In 2008, the Generalitat de Catalunya - the Government of Catalonia - awarded it the ''Creu de Sant Jordi'' - the Cross of Sant Jordi<blockquote>"In recognition of his work to rescue these people from oblivion and restore their dignity and honour. This work contributes to strengthening the foundations of peace and freedom and to transmitting their meaning to the younger generations".</blockquote>
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== Bibliography ==
== External links ==
[[Categoria:White Terror (Spain)]]
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