Clorat de potassi: diferència entre les revisions
Contingut suprimit Contingut afegit
m Elimino camp perque l\'agafi de Wikidata al ser igual. |
Cap resum de modificació |
||
Línia 1:
{{ChemboxEn
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 477003444
| Name = Potassium chlorate
|
| ImageSizeL1 = 120px
|
| ImageFileR1 = Potassium-chlorate-crystal-3D-vdW.png
| ImageSizeR1 = 100px
| ImageNameR1 = L'estructura cristal·lina de clorat de potassi
| ImageFile2 = KClO3.jpg
| ImageSize2 = 200px
| ImageName2 = Cristalls de clorat de potassi
| OtherNames = Clorat de potassi, Clorat potàssic
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 18512
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = H35KS68EE7
| InChI = 1/ClHO3.K/c2-1(3)4;/h(H,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1
| InChIKey = VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-REWHXWOFAC
| SMILES = [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/ClHO3.K/c2-1(3)4;/h(H,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M
| CASNo = 3811-04-9
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 6426889
| EINECS = 223-289-7
| RTECS = FO0350000
| UNNumber = 1485
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = KClO<sub>3</sub>
| MolarMass = 122,55 g mol<sup>−1</sup>
| Appearance = cristalls blancs o pols
| Density = 2,32 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| Solubility = 3,13 g/100 mL (0 °C)<br> 4,46 g/100 mL (10 °C)<br> 8,15 g/100 mL (25 °C)<br> 13,21 g/100 mL (40 °C)<br> 53,51 g/100 mL (100 °C)<br> 183 g/100 g (190 °C)<br> 2930 g/100 g (330 °C)<ref name=sioc>{{cite book|last = Seidell|first = Atherton|last2 = Linke|first2 = William F.|year = 1952|title = Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds|publisher = Van Nostrand|url = [http://books.google.com/books?id=k2e5AAAAIAAJ Google Books]|accessdate = 2014-05-29}}</ref>
| SolubleOther = Soluble en [[glicerol]]<br>negliglble en [[acetona]], [[amoníac]] líquid<ref name=chemister />
| Solubility1 = 1 g/100 g (20 °C)<ref name=chemister />
| Solvent1 = glicerol
| MeltingPtC = 356
| BoilingPtC = 400
| BoilingPt_notes = es descompon<ref name=chemister />
| RefractIndex = 1,40835
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| Coordination =
| CrystalStruct = Monoclínic
}}
|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = −391,2 kJ/mol<ref name=b1>{{cite book| author = Zumdahl, Steven S.|title =Chemical Principles 6th Ed.| publisher = Houghton Mifflin Company| year = 2009| isbn = 0-618-94690-X|page=A22}}</ref><ref name=chemister>{{cite web|url=http://chemister.ru/Database/properties-en.php?dbid=1&id=331|title=potassium chlorate|publisher=|accessdate=9 July 2015}}</ref>
| Entropy = 142,97 J/mol·K<ref name=b1 /><ref name=chemister />
| DeltaGf = -289,9 kJ/mol<ref name=chemister />
| HeatCapacity = 100,25 J/mol·K<ref name=chemister />
}}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0548.htm ICSC 0548]
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS03}}{{GHS07}}{{GHS09}}<ref name="sigma">{{cite web|url=http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/255572|title=Potassium chlorate|publisher=|accessdate=9 July 2015}}</ref>
| GHSSignalWord = Danger
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|271|302|332|411}}<ref name="sigma" />
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|220|273}}<ref name="sigma" />
| EUClass = {{Hazchem O}} {{Hazchem N}} {{Hazchem Xn}}
| RPhrases = {{R9}}, {{R20/22}}, {{R51/53}}
| SPhrases = {{S2}}, {{S13}}, {{S16}}, {{S27}}, {{S61}}
| NFPA-H = 2
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 3
| NFPA-S = OX
| FlashPtC = 400
| LD50 = 1870 mg/kg (oral, rata)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/3811-04-9|title=ChemIDplus - 3811-04-9 - VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M - Potassium chlorate - Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information.|author=Michael Chambers|publisher=|accessdate=9 July 2015}}</ref>
}}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = [[Bromat de potassi]]<br/>[[Iodat de potassi]]
| OtherCations = [[Clorat d'amoni]]<br/>[[Clorat de sodi]]<br/>[[Clorat de bari]]
| OtherCompounds = [[Clorur de potassi]]<br/>[[Hipoclorit de potassi]]<br/>[[Clorit de potassi]]<br/>[[Perclorat de potassi]]
}}
}}
El '''clorat de potassi''' és una [[Sal (química)|sal]] formada per l'anió [[clorat]] i el catió [[potassi]]. Es presenta com un sòlid blanc cristal·lí. Té la fórmula química KClO<sub>3</sub>. En la seva forma pura forma cristalls blancs. El clorur de potassi ha de ser manejat amb cura ja que reacciona vigorosament i en alguns casos entra en [[ignició espontània]] o explota, quan es mescla amb materials [[combustible]]s. És el [[clorat]] més comú en la indústria, i es troba en la majoria dels laboratoris. S'empra com [[agent oxidant]], per preparar [[oxigen]], com un [[desinfectant]], en llumins de seguretat, en [[explosius]] i focs artificials i en el [[cultiu de plantes]], per forçar l'estadi de florida en l'arbre [[longan]], fent que pugui produir fruits en els climes més càlids.<ref>{{ref-publicació|cognom1= Manochai |nom1= P.
| |||