Stanislav Binički: diferència entre les revisions

Stanislav Binički was born on 27 Julyjuliol 1872 in the village of [[Jasika]], near [[Kruševac]], [[Principality of Serbia]]. He studied in [[Belgrad]] and [[MunichMunic]] with German composer [[Josef Rheinberger]].{{sfn|Warrack|West|1996|p=49}} Binički became the first director of the Opera Sector of the [[National Theatre in Belgrade]] in 1889.{{sfn|Milanović|2009|p=30}}{{sfn|Strimple|2005|p=182}} In 1899, he began collaborating with the Belgrade Military Orchestra. He enriched the orchestra's musical repertoire with pieces such as [[Franz Schubert]]'s [[Symphony No. 8 (Schubert)|8th Symphony]], [[Richard Wagner]]'s overture to ''[[Rienzi]]'', [[Antonín Dvořák]]'s [[Slavonic Dances]], and [[Felix Mendelssohn]]'s [[Symphony No. 4 (Mendelssohn)|Italian Symphony]].{{sfn|Tomašević|2009|p=37}} The first Serbian opera, ''At Dawn'' ({{lang-sr|italic=yes|Na uranku}}), was written by Binički and premiered in 1903.{{sfn|Milanović|2009|p=20}}{{sfn|Samson|2013|p=264}} Music critics [[John Warrack]] and Ewan West describe the opera as a pioneering work and praise Binički's ingenious use of contrasting musical styles to depict the struggle between [[Serbs]] and [[Turkish people|Turks]].{{sfn|Warrack|West|1996|p=49}}

Encouraged by Binički, the National Theatre performed operas such as ''[[Il trovatore]]'', ''[[Djamileh]]'', ''[[Der Freischütz]]'', ''Werther'' and ''[[Mignon]]'' during the 1913–14 operatic season. The National Theatre's work was interrupted by the outbreak of [[World War I]] in the summer of 1914.{{sfn|Milanović|2009|p=20}} Binički joined the [[Serbian Army]] after war was declared. He composed what became known as ''[[March on the Drina]]'' shortly after the [[Battle of Cer]] to commemorate the Serbian victory. He dedicated it to his favourite commander in the army, Colonel Stojanović, who was killed in the fighting. His piece was initially titled ''March to Victory''. Some scholars have hypothesized that Binički based his work on an Ottoman Turkish [[March (music)|military march]].<ref>{{ref-notícia|cognom= Petrović|nom= Žarko|obra= Glas Javnosti|data= 3 març 2003|llengua= Serbian|títol= Marš na Drinu: Stanislav Binički komponovao je jedan od najlepših marševa|trans-title=The Marchmarç on the Drina: Stanislav Binički Composed one of the Most Beautiful Marches| url = http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2003/01/03/srpski/F03010201.shtml}}</ref>

In 1915, Serbia was invaded by Austria-Hungary, [[German Empire|Germany]] and [[Kingdom of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]]. The Serbian lines quickly collapsed and the Serbian Army was forced to [[Serbian army's retreat through Albania|retreat through Albania]]. The Belgrade Military Orchestra subsequently lost all of its instruments and its entire music archive. Binički survived the retreat and managed to reach the Greek island [[Corfu]], where he collected new instruments, reconstructed his scores and arranged a concert in the Corfu National Theatre.{{sfn|Tomašević|2009|p=37}} He and other Serbian musicians toured France in 1917, beginning with three concerts held in [[París]]. After the war, Binički returned to the Balkans and took part in a six-month tour through the towns of the newly created [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]].{{sfn|Tomašević|2009|p=39}} He retired as head of the Opera Sector of the National Theatre in 1920{{sfn|Milanović|2009|p=30}} and was succeeded by [[Stevan Hristić]].{{sfn|Strimple|2005|p=182}} He died in Belgrade on 15 Februaryfebrer 1942.{{sfn|Warrack|West|1996|p=49}}