Roscosmos: diferència entre les revisions

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== Història ==
Procedent del [[programa espacial soviètic]] fundat als anys cinquanta, Roscosmos va sorgir després de la [[dissolució de la Unió Soviètica]] el 1991. Inicialment va començar com a '''Agència espacial russa''',<ref group="Note">{{lang-ru|Российское космическое агентство}} ''Rossiískoie kosmítxeskoie aguentstvo'', abreujadament '''RKA''', {{lang-ru|РКА}}</ref>que es va crear el 25 de febrer de 1992.<ref name=":0">[https://www.roscosmos.ru/9156/ 25 февраля 1992 года образовано Российское космическое агентство, в настоящее время – Федеральное космическое агентство (Роскосмос).]</ref> i es va reestructurar el 1999 i el 2004, com a '''Agència russa de l'aviació i l'espai'''<ref group="Note">{{lang-ru|Росси́йское авиацио́нно-косми́ческое аге́нтство}}, ''Rossíiskoie aviatsionno-kosmítxeskoie aguentstvo'', coneguda habitualment com a {{lang|ru-Latn|Rosaviakosmos}}, ({{lang-ru|Росавиакосмос}}), establerta el 25 de maig de 1999.</ref>i '''Agència Espacial Federal''' (Roscosmos), respectivament.<ref group="Note">{{lang-ru|Федеральное космическое агентство «Роскосмос», ''Federàlnoie kosmítxeskoie aguentstvo «Roskosmos»''.</ref><ref name=":0" />El 2015, l'Agència Espacial Federal (Roscosmos) es va fusionar amb la '''Corporacio unida del coet i de l'espai'''<ref group="Note">{{lang-ru|Объединённая ракетно-космическая корпорация}} ''Obiedinónnaia raketno-kosmítxeskoie korporàtsia''</ref>una corporació governamental, per racionalitzar la [[Indústria espacial de Rússia|indústria espacial russa]], que va conduir a Roscosmos en la seva forma actual.<ref>[https://ria.ru/20151228/1350445947.html Путин подписал указ об упразднении Федерального космического агентства.]</ref><ref name="Avaneesh Pandey">{{cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/russias-federal-space-agency-dissolved-responsibilities-be-transferred-state-2240831 |title=Russia's Federal Space Agency Dissolved, Responsibilities To Be Transferred To State Corporation |author=Avaneesh Pandey |date=28 December 2015 |work=[[International Business Times]] }}</ref><ref name="financialexpress.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/article/lifestyle/science/vladimir-putin-abolishes-russian-space-agency-roscosmos/184669/|title=Vladimir Putin abolishes Russian space agency Roscosmos |date=28 December 2015 |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101123217/http://www.financialexpress.com/article/lifestyle/science/vladimir-putin-abolishes-russian-space-agency-roscosmos/184669/ |archive-date=1 January 2016 }}</ref>
 
Roscosmos is headquartered in [[Moscow]], with its main [[RKA Mission Control Center|Mission Control Center]] in the nearby city of [[Korolyov (city)|Korolyov]], and the [[Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center]] located in [[Star City, Russia|Star City]] in [[Moscow Oblast]]. Its launch facilities include [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]] in [[Kazakhstan]], the world's first and largest spaceport, and [[Vostochny Cosmodrome]], which is being built in the [[Russian Far East]] in [[Amur Oblast]]. Its [[List of Heads of Roscosmos|director]] since May 2018 is [[Dmitry Rogozin]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.satellitetoday.com/launch/2015/01/23/russia-merges-united-rocket-and-space-corporation-with-roscosmos/ |title=Russia Merges United Rocket and Space Corporation with Roscosmos |publisher=Via Satellite |date=23 January 2015 |access-date=10 February 2015 }}</ref>
 
As the main successor to the Soviet space program, Roscosmos' legacy includes the world's first satellite, first human spaceflight, and first space station. Its current activities include the International Space Station, wherein it is a major partner. On 22&nbsp;February 2019, Roscosmos announced the construction of its new headquarters in [[Moscow]], the [[National Space Centre (Moscow)|National Space Centre]].
 
== Programa de l'agència ==