Clarias: diferència entre les revisions

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[[imatgeFitxer:Clarias batrachus-ZOO.Brno.jpg|240px|right|thumb|''[[Clarias batrachus]]'']]
[[imatgeFitxer:Clarias garie 080516 9142 tdp.jpg|240px|right|thumb|''[[Clarias gariepinus]]'']]
[[imatgeFitxer:ClariasMagurDay.jpg|240px|right|thumb|''[[Clarias batrachus]]'']]
'''''Clarias ''''' és un [[Gènere (biologia)|gènere]] de [[peix]]os de la [[família (biologia)|família]] dels [[clàrids]] i de l'[[ordre]] dels [[siluriformes]].<ref>[http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/TaxonTree.aspx?id=44065&tree=0.1 The Taxonomicon] {{en}}</ref>
 
== Distribució geogràfica ==
 
Es troba des del [[Sud-est asiàtic]] i l'[[Àsia Oriental]] fins a [[Àfrica]], incloent-hi l'[[Índia]] i l'[[Àsia Menor]]. Algunes de les seues [[espècie]]s han estat [[Espècie introduïda|introduïdes]] als [[Estats Units]] ([[Florida]]), [[Indonèsia]], [[Hong Kong]], la [[Xina]], [[Gran Bretanya]], [[Papua Nova Guinea]], [[Guam]], [[Taiwan]], [[Tailàndia]] i [[Cuba]] i han produït impactes negatius en llurs [[ecosistema|ecosistemes]] locals.<ref>[http://zipcodezoo.com/Key/Animalia/Clarias_Genus.asp ZipCodeZoo] {{en}}</ref>
 
== [[Espècie]]s ==
 
* ''[[Clarias abbreviatus]]'' {{mida|80%|(Valenciennes, [[1840]])}}<ref>[[Cuvier]], G. & A. Valenciennes. [[1840]]. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome quinzième. Suite du livre dix-septième. Siluroïdes. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. 15: i-xxxi + 1-540, Pls. 421-455. </ref>
* ''[[Clarias agboyiensis]]'' {{mida|80%|(Sydenham, [[1980]])}}<ref>Sydenham, D. H. J. [[1980]]. New species of ''Clarias'' from West Africa (''[[Peix|Pisces]]'', ''[[Clariidae]]''). Rev. Zool. Afr. v. 94 (núm. 3): 659-677. </ref>
* ''[[Clarias albopunctatus]]'' {{mida|80%|(Nichols & La Monte, [[1953]])}}<ref>Nichols, J. T. & F. R. La Monte. [[1953]]. Two new African catfishes from eastern French Equatorial Africa. Am. Mus. Novit. Núm. 1648: 1-4. </ref>
* ''[[Clarias alluaudi]]'' {{mida|80%|(Boulenger, [[1906]])}}<ref>Boulenger, G. A. [[1906]]. Descriptions of new fishes discovered by Mr. E. Degen in Lake Victoria. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 7) v. 17 (núm. 101): 433-452.</ref>
* ''[[Clarias anfractus]]'' {{mida|80%|(Ng, [[1999]])}}
* ''[[Clarias angolensis]]'' {{mida|80%|(Steindachner, [[1866]])}}
* ''[[Clarias anguillaris]]'' {{mida|80%|([[Linnaeus]], [[1758]])}}<ref>Agnèse, J. F., G. G. Teugels, P. Galbusera, R. Guyomard i F. Volckaert [[1997]]: Morphometric and genetic characterization of sympatric populations of ''[[Clarias gariepinus]]'' and ''[[Clarias anguillaris]]'' from Senegal. Journal of Fish Biology v. 50 (núm. 6): 1143-1157.</ref><ref>Bakhoum, S. A. [[1994]]: Meristic and morphometric variations between two species of catfish, ''[[Clarias lazera]]'' and ''[[Clarias anguillaris]]'', in the Egyptian freshwater. Bulletin of the National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries. v. 20 (núm. 1): 191-200.</ref>
* ''[[Clarias batrachus]]'' {{mida|80%|([[Linnaeus]], [[1758]])}}<ref>Nath, S. [[1998]]: First record of ''[[Clarias batrachus]]'' (Linn.) (''[[Siluriformes]]'': ''[[Clariidae]]'') from Lake Surinsar ([[Jammu]] and Kashmir) India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 95 (pt 3): 518-519.</ref><ref>Ng, H. H. i M. Kottelat [[2008]]: The identity of ''[[Clarias batrachus]]'' ([[Linnaeus]], [[1758]]), with the designation of a neotype (''[[Teleostei]]'': ''[[Clariidae]]''). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 153: 725-732.</ref>
* ''[[Clarias batu]]'' {{mida|80%|(Lim & Ng, [[1999]])}}<ref>Lim, K. K. P. i H. H. Ng [[1999]]:
''[[Clarias batu]]'', a new species of catfish (''[[Teleostei]]'': ''[[Clariidae]]'') from Pulau Tioman, Peninsular Malaysia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Núm. 6 (Suppl.): 157-167. </ref>
* ''[[Clarias brachysoma]]'' {{mida|80%|(Günther, [[1864]])}}
* ''[[Clarias buettikoferi]]'' {{mida|80%|(Steindachner, [[1894]])}}
* ''[[Clarias buthupogon]]'' {{mida|80%|(Sauvage, [[1879]])}}
* ''[[Clarias camerunensis]]'' {{mida|80%|(Lönnberg, [[1895]])}}
* ''[[Clarias cataractus]]'' {{mida|80%|(Fowler, [[1939]])}}
* ''[[Clarias cavernicola]]'' {{mida|80%|(Trewavas, [[1936]])}}<ref>Bruton, M. N. [[1995]]: Threatened fishes of the world: ''[[Clarias cavernicola]]'' Trewavas, [[1936]] (''[[Clariidae]]''). Environmental Biology of Fishes v. 43: 162.</ref>
* ''[[Clarias dayi]]'' {{mida|80%|(Hora, [[1936]])}}<ref>Manimekalan, A. i M. Arunachalam [[2002]]: Rediscovery of critically endangered air breathing catfish ''[[Clarias dayi]]'' Hora ''[[Peix|Pisces]]'': ''[[Claridae]]'', at Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, [[Tamil Nadu]]. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 99 (pt 1): 129-130.</ref>
* ''[[Clarias dhonti]]'' {{mida|80%|(Boulenger, [[1920]])}}
* ''[[Clarias dumerilii]]'' {{mida|80%|(Steindachner, [[1866]])}}
* ''[[Clarias dussumieri]]'' {{mida|80%|(Valenciennes, [[1840]])}}
* ''[[Clarias ebriensis]]'' {{mida|80%|(Pellegrin, [[1920]])}}<ref>Teugels, G. G. i D. F. E. Thys van den Audenaerde [[1981]]: On the synonymy of the West African species ''[[Clarias ebriensis]]'' and ''[[Clarias dahomeyensis]]'' (''[[Peix|Pisces]]'', ''[[Clariidae]]''). Revue de Zoologique Africaine v. 95 (núm. 1): 11-28.</ref>
* ''[[Clarias engelseni]]'' {{mida|80%|(Johnsen, [[1926]])}}
* ''[[Clarias fuscus]]'' {{mida|80%|(Lacépède, [[1803]])}}
* ''[[Clarias gabonensis]]'' {{mida|80%|(Günther, [[1867]])}}
* ''[[Clarias gariepinus]]'' {{mida|80%|(Burchell, [[1822]])}}<ref>Adriaens, D. i W. Verraes [[1996]]: Ontogeny of cranial musculature in ''[[Clarias gariepinus]]'' (''[[Siluroidei]]'': ''[[Clariidae]]''): the adductor mandibulae complex. Journal of Morphology v. 229 (3): 255-269.</ref><ref>Benech, V., G. G. Teugels, i G. Gourene [[1993]]: Critère pratique pour distinguer deux poissons-chats Africains, ''[[Clarias anguillaris]]'' et ''[[Clarias gariepinus]] ''(''[[Siluriformes]]''; ''[[Clariidae]]''). Cybium v. 17 (núm. 1): 83-85.</ref><ref>Skelton, P. H. i G. G. Teugels [[1992]]: Neotype description for the African catfish ''[[Clarias gariepinus]]'' (Burchell, [[1822]]) (''[[Peix|Pisces]]'': ''[[Siluroidei]]'': ''[[Clariidae]]''). Ichthyological Bulletin of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology Núm. 56: 1-7.</ref>
* ''[[Clarias hilli]]'' {{mida|80%|(Fowler, [[1936]])}}
* ''[[Clarias insolitus]]'' {{mida|80%|(Ng, [[2003]])}}<ref>Ng, H. H. [[2003]]. ''[[Clarias insolitus]]'', a new species of clariid catfish (''[[Teleostei]]'': ''[[Siluriformes]]'') from southern [[Borneo]]. Zootaxa Núm. 284: 1-8. </ref>
* ''[[Clarias intermedius]]'' {{mida|80%|(Teugels, Sudarto & Pouyaud, [[2001]])}}<ref>Teugels, G. G., Sudarto & L. Pouyaud [[2001]]. Description of a new ''Clarias'' species from Southeast Asia based on morphological and genetical evidence (''[[Siluriformes]]'', ''[[Clariidae]]''). Cybium v. 25 (núm. 1): 81-92. </ref>
* ''[[Clarias jaensis]]'' {{mida|80%|(Boulenger, [[1909]])}}
* ''[[Clarias kapuasensis]]'' {{mida|80%|(Sudarto, Teugels & Pouyaud, [[2003]])}}<ref name="Sudarto">Sudarto, G. G. Teugels & L. Pouyaud. [[2003]]. Description of two new ''Clarias'' species from [[Borneo]] (''[[Siluriformes]]'', ''[[Clariidae]]''). Cybium v. 27 (núm. 2): 153-161. </ref>
* ''[[Clarias laeviceps]]'' {{mida|80%|(Gill, [[1862]])}}
* ''[[Clarias lamottei]]'' {{mida|80%|(Daget & Planquette, [[1967]])}}<ref>Daget, J. i P. Planquette [[1967]]: Sur quelques poissons de Côte d'Ivoire avec la description d'une espèce nouvelle, ''[[Clarias lamottei]]'' n. sp. (''[[Peix|Pisces]]'', ''[[Siluriformes]]'', ''[[Clariidae]]''). Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 39 (núm. 2): 278-281.</ref><ref>Teugels, G. G. [[2003]]: ''[[Clarias lamottei]]'' (''[[Siluriformes]]'', ''[[Clariidae]]''), a natural intergeneric hybrid from West Africa. Cybium v. 27 (núm. 1): 11-15.</ref>
* ''[[Clarias leiacanthus]]'' {{mida|80%|(Bleeker, [[1851]])}}
* ''[[Clarias liocephalus]]'' {{mida|80%|(Boulenger, [[1898]])}}
* ''[[Clarias longior]]'' {{mida|80%|(Boulenger, [[1907]])}}
* ''[[Clarias maclareni]]'' {{mida|80%|(Trewavas, [[1962]])}}
* ''[[Clarias macrocephalus]]'' {{mida|80%|(Günther, [[1864]])}}<ref>Teugels, G. G., R. C. Diego, L. Pouyaud i M. Legendre [[1999]]: Redescription of ''[[Clarias macrocephalus]]'' (''[[Siluriformes]]'': ''[[Clariidae]]'') from South-East Asia. Cybium v. 23 (núm. 3): 285-295. </ref>
* ''[[Clarias macromystax]]'' {{mida|80%|(Günther, [[1864]])}}
* ''[[Clarias meladerma]]'' {{mida|80%|(Bleeker, [[1846]])}}
* ''[[Clarias microstomus]]'' {{mida|80%|(Ng, [[2001]])}}<ref>Ng, H.-H. [[2001]]. '' [[ Clarias microstomus]]'', a new species of clariid catfish from eastern [[Borneo]] (''[[Teleostei]]'': ''[[Siluriformes]]''). Zool. Studies v. 40 (núm. 2): 158-162. </ref>
* ''[[Clarias nebulosus]]'' {{mida|80%|(Deraniyagala, [[1958]])}}
* ''[[Clarias ngamensis]]'' {{mida|80%|(Castelnau, [[1861]])}}<ref>Teugels, G. G. [[1983]]: Notes on the status of ''[[Clarias ngamensis]]'' Castelnau [[1861]], ''[[Clarias mellandi]]'' Boulenger [[1905]], ''[[Clarias prentissgrayi]]'' (Fowler [[1930]]) and ''[[Clarias lamottei]]'' Daget and Planquette [[1967]] (''[[Peix|Pisces]]'', ''[[Clariidae]]'') with the rehabilitation of ''[[Dinotopteroides]]'' Fowler [[1930]] as a subgenus of ''Clarias''. Cybium 3e série. Bulletin de la Société Française d'Ichtyologie v. 7 (núm. 1): 15-28. </ref>
* ''[[Clarias nieuhofii]]'' {{mida|80%|(Valenciennes, [[1840]])}}
* ''[[Clarias nigricans]]'' {{mida|80%|(Ng, [[2003]])}}<ref>Ng, H. H. [[2003]]. ''[[Clarias nigricans]]'', a new species of clariid catfish (''[[Teleostei]]'': ''[[Siluriformes]]'') from eastern [[Borneo]]. Raffles Bull. Zool. v. 51 (núm. 2): 393-398. </ref>
* ''[[Clarias nigromarmoratus]]'' {{mida|80%|(Poll, [[1967]])}}
* ''[[Clarias olivaceus]]'' {{mida|80%|(Fowler, [[1904]])}}
* ''[[Clarias pachynema]]'' {{mida|80%|(Boulenger, [[1903]])}}<ref>Teugels, G. G. [[1980]]: Notes on the status and the synonyms of ''[[Clarias pachynema]]'' Boulenger [[1903]] (''[[Peix|Pisces]]'', ''[[Clariidae]]''). Revue de Zoologique Africaine v. 94 (núm. 3): 678-692.</ref>
* ''[[Clarias planiceps]]'' {{mida|80%|(Ng, [[1999]])}}
* ''[[Clarias platycephalus]]'' {{mida|80%|(Boulenger, [[1902]])}}
* ''[[Clarias pseudoleiacanthus]]'' {{mida|80%|(Sudarto, Teugels & Pouyaud, [[2003]])}}<ref name="Sudarto"/>
* ''[[Clarias pseudonieuhofii]]'' {{mida|80%|(Sudarto, Teugels & Pouyaud, [[2004]])}}<ref>Sudarto, G. G. Teugels & L. Pouyaud. [[2004]]. Description of a new clariid catfish, ''[[Clarias psuedonieuhofii]]'' from West [[Borneo]] (''[[Siluriformes]]'': ''[[Clariidae]]''). Zool. Studies v. 43 (núm. 1): 8-19.</ref>
* ''[[Clarias salae]]'' {{mida|80%|(Hubrecht, [[1881]])}}
* ''[[Clarias sauteri]]'' {{mida|80%|(Regan, [[1908]])}}
* ''[[Clarias stappersii]]'' {{mida|80%|(Boulenger, [[1915]])}}
* ''[[Clarias submarginatus]]'' {{mida|80%|(Peters, [[1882]])}}
* ''[[Clarias sulcatus]]'' {{mida|80%|(Ng, [[2004]])}}<ref>Ng, H. H. [[2004]]. ''[[Clarias sulcatus]]'', a new walking catfish (''[[Teleostei]]'': ''[[Clariidae]]'') from Pulau Redang. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters v. 15 (núm. 4): 289-294. </ref>
* ''[[Clarias teijsmanni]]'' {{mida|80%|(Bleeker, [[1857]])}}
* ''[[Clarias tenuis]]'' {{mida|80%|(Güntert, [[1938]])}}
* ''[[Clarias theodorae]]'' {{mida|80%|(Weber, [[1897]])}}
* ''[[Clarias werneri]]'' {{mida|80%|(Boulenger, [[1906]])}}<ref>[http://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id15725/ BioLib] {{en}}</ref><ref>[http://aquatab.net/system/clarias/ AQUATAB.NET]</ref><ref>[http://www.fishbase.org/NomenClature/ScientificNameSearchList.php?crit1_fieldname=SYNONYMS.SynGenus&crit1_fieldtype=CHAR&crit1_operator=EQUAL&crit1_value=Clarias&crit2_fieldname=SYNONYMS.SynSpecies&crit2_fieldtype=CHAR&crit2_operator=contains&crit2_value=&group=summary&backstep=-2 FishBase] {{en}}</ref><ref>[http://www.catalogueoflife.org/browse_taxa.php?selected_taxon=31257 Catalogue of Life] {{en}}</ref><ref>[http://www.discoverlife.org/20/q Discover Life] {{en}}</ref><ref>[http://nomen.at/cgi-bin/Dict Dictionary of Common (Vernacular) Names] {{en}}</ref><ref>[http://www.iucnredlist.org/search IUCN] {{en}}</ref><ref>[http://www.unep-wcmc.org/isdb/Taxonomy/tax-genus-result.cfm?displaylanguage=&Genus=1050&source=animals&Country= UNEP-WCMC Species Database] {{en}}</ref><ref>[http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/pfk/pages/powersearch.php?q=Clarias&database=fishdb&submit=search Practical Fishkeeping] {{en}}</ref>
 
== Referències ==
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{{referències}}
 
== Bibliografia ==
 
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== Enllaços externs ==
 
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=13012&lvl=3&p=mapview&p=has_linkout&p=blast_url&p=genome_blast&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock NCBI] {{en}}
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{{wikispecies|Clarias}}
 
[[Categoria:Clarias| ]]
[[Categoria:Espècies invasores]]
 
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