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{{Traducció|en|John III, Duke of Brabant}}
{{Refimprove|date=July 2008}}
{{Infobox Nobility|
| name =John III
| title =[[Duke of Brabant]]<br>[[Duke of Lothier]]<br>[[Duke of Limburg]]
| image =Jan3Brabant.jpg
| spouse =[[Marie d'Évreux]]
| issue = [[Joanna, Duchess of Brabant]]<br>Margaret of Brabant<br>Marie of Brabant<br>John<br>Henry<br>Godfrey
| titles =The Duke of Brabant, Lothier and Limburg
| noble family =[[House of Reginar]]
| father =[[John II, Duke of Brabant]]
| mother =[[Margaret of England (1275–1333)|Margaret, Princess of England]]
| date of birth =
| place of birth =1300
| date of death =5 December 1355
| place of death =[[Brussels]]
|}}
{{Refimprove|date=July 2008}}
Linha 15 ⟶ 34:
| date of death =5 December 1355
| place of death =[[Brussels]]
'''Jan III van Brabant''' (1300 – December 5, 1355, [[Brussels]]), also called '''John III, the Triumphant''' {{Citation needed|date=July 2008}}, was [[Duke of Brabant]], [[Duke of Lothier|Lothier]], and [[Duke of Limburg|Limburg]] (1312–1355).<ref>Biographical details can be found in (Alphonse Wauters), ''Biographie nationale'' (Académie royale de Belgique), vol. 10, 1889, ''s.v.'' "Jean III" pp 237-274</ref> He was the son of [[John II, Duke of Brabant]] and his wife [[Margaret of England (1275–1333)|Margaret]], daughter of King [[Edward I of England]] and [[Eleanor of Castile]].
|}}, era [[Duc De Brabant]], [[Lothier]], i [[Limburg]] (1312–;1355).<ref>. Els detalls biogràfics es poden trobar dins (Alphonse Wauters), ''nationale Biographie'' (De de royale Académie Belgique), volums 10, 1889, ''s.v.'' pàg. "Jean Iii" 237-274 </ref> era el fill de [[John Ii, Duke Of Brabant]] i la seva muller [[Margaret]], filla d'[[Eduard I d'Anglaterra|Edward]] de Rei jo D'[[Anglaterra I Eleanor]] OF CASTILE.
== Marriage ==
== Matrimoni ==
In 1311, as his father's gesture of ''rapprochement'' with France, John married [[Marie d'Évreux]] (d. 1335), the daughter of count [[Louis d'Évreux]] and [[Margaret of Artois]]. They had six children:
El 1311, com el gest del seu pare de ''rapprochement'' amb França, John es casava amb [[Marie d'évreux]] (dies 1335), la filla de compte [[Lluís d'Evreux|Louis d'évreux]] i [[Margaret Of Artois]]. Tenien sis nens:
* [[Joanna, Duchess of Brabant]] (1322–1406)
* [[Joanna, Duquessa De Brabant]] (1322–;1406)
* [[Margaret of Brabant (1323–1368)|Margaret of Brabant]] (February 9, 1323 – 1368), married at [[Saint-Quentin, Aisne|Saint-Quentin]] on June 6, 1347 [[Louis II of Flanders]]
* [[Margaret De Brabant]] (9 de febrer, 1323 –; 1368), casat a [[Saint-Quentin (Aisne)|Quentin]] de [[Sant]] el 6 de juny, 1347 LOUIS II DE FLANDERS
* Marie of Brabant (1325 – March 1, 1399), Lady of [[Turnhout]], married at [[Tervuren]] on July 1, 1347 [[Reginald III of Guelders]]
* Marie de Brabant (1325 –; 1 de març, de 1399), Senyora de [[Turnhout]], amb qui un es casava a [[Tervuren]] l'1 de juliol, [[1347 Reginald Iii De]] GUELDERS
* John (1327–1335/36)
* John (1327–;1335/36)
* Henri (d. October 29, 1349)
* Henri (d. 29 d'octubre, de 1349)
* Godfrey (d. aft. February 3, 1352)
* Godfrey (d. a popa. 3 de febrer, de 1352)
==John and the towns of Brabant==
== John i les ciutats de Brabant ==
The early fourteenth century, an economic boom time for Brabant, marks the rise of the Duchy's towns, which depended on English wool for their essential cloth industry. During John's minority, the major towns of Brabant had the authority to appoint councillors to direct a regency, under terms of the [[Charter of Kortenberg]] granted by his father in the year of his death (1312). By 1356 his daughter and son-in-law were forced to accept [[Joyous Entry of 1356|the famous Joyous Entry]] as a condition for their recognition, so powerful had the States of Brabant become.
A primers del catorzè segle, un temps de boom econòmic per Brabant, marca la pujada del Duchy's ciutats, que depenien de llana anglesa per a la seva indústria de roba essencial. Durant la minoria de John, les ciutats essencials de Brabant tenien l'autoritat de nomenar els consellers dirigir una regència, sota termes de la [[Carta Of Kortenberg]] concedida pel seu pare en l'any de la seva mort (1312). Per 1356 la seva filla i gendre es forçaven a acceptar [[L'entrada Alegre Famosa]] com a condició pel seu reconeixement, tan potènciaós els Estats de Brabant s'havien convertit.
The marital alignment with France was tested and failed as early as 1316, when [[Louis X of France|Louis X]] requested Brabant to cease trade with Flanders and to participate in a French attack; the councillors representing the towns found this impossible, and in reprisal Louis prohibited all French trade with Brabant in February 1316, in violation of a treaty of friendship he had signed with Brabant in the previous October.
L'alineació marital amb França es provava i es fracassava tan d'hora com 1316, quan comercia X de [[Lluís X de França|Louis]] demanat Brabant per cessar amb Flanders i per participar en un atac francès; els consellers que representaven les ciutats trobaven impossible això, i en la represàlia Louis prohibien tot el francès comercien amb Brabant el febrer de 1316, en la violació d'un tractat d'amistat havia fet senyals amb Brabant l'octubre previ.
==The French alliance, 1332-1337==
== L'aliança francesa, 1332-1337 ==
After his initial period of maintaining independent neutrality from both France and England failed,<ref>The following details are drawn from Sergio Boffa, "The Duchy of Brabant caught between France and England: geopolitics and diplomacy during the first half of the Hundred Years' War", in ''The Hundred Years War: A Wider Focus'', L. J. Andrew Villalon, Donald J. Kagay, eds. vol. I, 2005.</ref> neighboring sovereigns in the Low Countries, stimulated as a matter of policy by [[Philip VI of France]], became John's enemies; among the adversaries of John were the [[Count of Flanders]], [[Bishopric of Liège|the prince-bishop of Liège]], and counts of [[Holland]] and [[Guelders]]. In 1332, a crisis with the king of France arose over John's hospitality to Robert, count of Flanders, during his journey to eventual asylum at the English court. In response to French pressure John reminded Philip that he did not hold Brabant from him but from God alone.<ref>Boffa 2005: 216.</ref> A brief campaign of a coalition of Philip's friends came to a truce, followed by a pact at Compiègne by which John received a fief from Philip worth 2000 ''livres'' and declared himself a vassal of France. His oldest son, Jean, was betrothed to Philip's daughter Marie, and it was agreed that the Brabançon heir would complete his education at the French court in Paris and that Robert of Artois would be expelled from Brabant.
Després del seu període inicial de mantenir la neutralitat independent tant des de França com des d'Anglaterra fracassava,.<ref>. Els detalls següents es treuen de Sergio Boffa, "El Duchy de Brabant agafat entre França i Anglaterra: geopolítica i diplomàcia durant la primera part del Cent la Guerra d'Anys", en ''El Cent Guerra d'Anys: Un Focus Més Ampli'', L. J. Andrew Villalon, Donald J. Kagay, edicions. volum. I, 2005. Els sobirans veïns de</ref> als Països Baixos, estimulats com a qüestió de política per [[Felip VI de França|Philip Vi De França]], es convertien en els enemics de John; entre els adversaris de John era el [[Compte Of Flanders]], [[Principat de Lieja|El prince-bishop of liège]], i comptes d'[[Holanda]] i [[Comtat de Gueldre|Guelders]]. El 1332, una crisi amb el rei de França sorgia sobre l'hospitalitat de John a Robert, compte de Flanders, durant el seu viatge a final asil al jutjat anglès. En resposta a pressió francesa John recordava a Philip que no considerés Brabant d'ell sinó de Déu alone.<ref>Boffa 2005: 216. La campanya breu A de </ref> d'una coalició dels amics de Philip venia a una treva, seguit per un pacte a Compiègne pel qual John rebia un feu del valor de Philip 2000 ''livres'' i es declarava un vassall de França. El seu fill més vell, Jean, es betrothed a la filla de Philip Marie, i era acceptat que l'hereu Brabançon completaria la seva educació al jutjat francès a París i que Robert d'Artois s'expulsaria de Brabant.
The support of France strengthened John's hand with his feudal suzerein, the [[Holy Roman Emperor]]. Though he was technically the Emperor's feudal [[vassal]], John had been able to ignore [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Louis IV]]'s summons to join him in his intended invasion of Lombardy (1327).<ref>Boffa 2005:214</ref> The separation of Brabant from the Empire was completed by the Burgundian dukes of Brabant in the fifteenth century.
El suport de França reforçava la mà de John amb el seu suzerein feudal, l'[[Llista d'emperadors del Sacre Imperi Romanogermànic|Emperador Romà Sagrat]]. Encara que era tècnicament el [[vassall]] feudal de l'Emperador, John havia pogut ignorar la citació judicial d'[[Lluís IV del Sacre Imperi Romanogermànic|Emperor Louis Iv]] per reunir-se amb ell en la seva invasió desitjada de Lombardy (1327).<ref>. Boffa 2005:214 </ref> La separació de Brabant de l'Imperi era completada pels ducs Burgundian de Brabant al quinzè segle.
Meanwhile, the princes of the Low Countries settled their differences and formed a coalition against Brabant with a defensive alliance in June 1333. War was briefly brought to the Duchy of Brabant in the summer of 1334, but resolved by a peace brokered by Philip at [[Amiens]]. The French king declared that John had to hand over the town of [[Tiel]] and its neighbouring villages [[Heerewaarden]] and [[Zandwijk]] to the count of Guelders and to betroth his daughter Marie to the count's son, Reinoud.
Mentrestant, els prínceps dels Països Baixos resolien les seves diferències i formaven una coalició contra Brabant amb una aliança defensiva el juny de 1333. La guerra es donava breument al Duchy de Brabant a l'estiu de 1334, però era resolta per una pau brokered per Philip a [[Amiens]]. El rei francès declarava que John havia de lliurar la ciutat de [[Tiel]] i el seu [[Heerewaarden]] de pobles veí i [[Zandwijk]] al compte de Guelders i betroth la seva filla Marie al fill del compte, Reinoud.
==The English alliance, 1337-1355==
== L'aliança anglesa, 1337-1355 ==
When [[Edward III of England]] decided to press his claim to the crown of France in 1337, John, who was his first cousin became an ally of [[England]] during the first stage of the [[Hundred Years' War]]. To Edward's diplomatic offensive to draw Brabant away from France, John lent a sympathetic ear.<ref>Material in this paragraph is drawn from Boffa 2005:9f..</ref> Disrupting the staple connection between the towns of Flanders and the sources of English wool should divert it to the towns of Brabant, notably the recently-established wool exchange. Edward protected Brabançon merchants in England from arrest or the confiscation of their goods, and he sweetened his offers with a promise of £60,000, an immense sum, and to make good any losses of revenue that might be confiscated by the king of France. The same month of July 1337 John promised Edward 1200 of his men-at-arms in the event of an English campaign in France, Edward to pay their salary. In August Edward pledged not to negotiate with the king without prior consultation with the duke. The alliance, kept secret at John's insistence, came into the open when Edward landed with his troops at Antwerp July 1338. John received the promised subsidy (March 1339) and agreed in June to betroth John's second daughter, Margaret, to [[Edward, the Black Prince]], heir to the English throne. Two seasons of inconclusive campaigning that ravaged the north of France left Edward penniless at the end of 1341; he returned home, and when he returned to the fray, it was to Brittany: he never returned to the Low Countries.
Quan ELS [[Eduard III d'Anglaterra|Edward Iii D'anglaterra]] decidien prémer la seva reclamació a la corona de França el 1337, John, qui era el seu primer cosí es convertia en un aliat d'[[Anglaterra]] durant la primera etapa del [[Guerra dels Cent Anys|Cent La Guerra Dels Anys]]. A l'ofensiva diplomàtica d'Edward per apartar Brabant de França, John deixava un ear.<ref>. compassiu El material en aquest paràgraf es treu de Boffa 2005:9f.. </Ref> que Interromp la connexió de grapes entre les ciutats de Flanders i les fonts de llana anglesa l'hauria de desviar a les ciutats de Brabant, notablement l'intercanvi de llana últimament establert. Edward protegia comerciants Brabançon a Anglaterra d'arrest o la confiscació dels seus béns, i endolcia les seves ofertes amb una promesa de £60,000, una suma immensa, i per fer bo algunes pèrdues d'ingrés que es podria confiscar pel rei de França. El mateix mes de juliol de 1337 John prometia Edward 1200 de seu homes a armes en cas d'una campanya anglesa a França, Edward pagar el seu salari. L'agost Edward es comprometia a no negociar amb el rei sense prèvia consulta al duc. L'aliança, mantinguda secreta a la insistència de John, entrava a l'obert quan Edward aterrava amb les seves tropes a Antwerp July 1338. John rebia la subvenció promesa (Març de 1339) i acceptava el juny betroth la segona filla de John, Margaret, a [[Eduard de Woodstock|Edward, El Príncep Negre]], hereu al tron anglès. Dues estacions de fer inconclusiu campanya que destruïa el nord de França deixaven pobre Edward al final de 1341; retornava a casa, i quan tornava al desgastar, era a Brittany: mai no retornava als Països Baixos.
==The French alliance, 1345-1346==
== L'aliança francesa, 1345-1346 ==
Though John was requesting papal dispensation for the marriage of Margaret and the Black Prince in 1343, the alliance with England unravelled as Edward's coffers emptied and his attentions turned elsewhere. In September 1345 representative of France and Brabant met at the [[Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye]] to sign preliminary agreements, and by a treaty signed at Saint-Quentin, June 1347, Brabant was retained as an ally by France. Margaret was now to marry Louis of Male, who had inherited the title of count of Flanders, but whose power against the Flemish communes was virtually nil. A point of dispute with the count of Flanders had been the lordship of [[Mechelen|Mechelen/Malines]], a strategic [[enclave]] within Brabant: it was agreed that it would now come under full Brabançon control. Despite the diplomacy of Edward, John remained true to his French commitments until his death in December 1355.
Encara que John estava demanant distribució papal per al matrimoni a Margaret i al Príncep Negre el 1343, l'aliança amb Anglaterra es desgastava mentre els cassetons d'Edward es buidaven i les seves atencions es giraven en qualsevol altre lloc. El setembre 1345 de representatiu de França i Brabant es trobava al [[Castell De Saint-germain-en-laye]] per signar acords preliminars, i per un tractat signat a Saint-Quentin, juny de 1347, Brabant es retenia com a aliat per França. Margaret s'havia de casar ara amb Louis de Male, que havia heretat el títol de compte de Flanders, però el potència del qual contra les comunes flamenques era virtualment nil. Un punt de disputa amb el compte de Flanders havia estat el lordship de [[Mechelen|Mechelen/malines]], un [[enclavament]] estratègic dins de Brabant: era acceptat que vindria ara sota ple control Brabançon. Malgrat la diplomàcia d'Edward, John romania veritable als seus compromisos francesos fins a la seva mort el desembre de 1355.
In 1350, Jews were persecuted in Brabant.
El 1350, els jueus es perseguien a Brabant.
==The heiress of Brabant==
== L'hereva de Brabant ==
In 1355, when his two surviving sons died one right after the other, John was forced to declare his daughter Joan his heiress, which would provoke a succession crisis after his death. John III was buried in the Cistercian [[Villers Abbey|Abbey of Villers]] (now in Belgium). His sons having predeceased him, he was succeeded by his daughter Joanna.
El 1355, quan morien els seus dos fills que sobrevivien un bé després de l'altre, John es forçava a declarar la seva filla Joan la seva hereva, que provocaria una crisi de successió després de la seva mort. John Iii estava enterrat al Cistercian [[Abbey Of Villers]] (ara a Bèlgica). Havent premort els seus fills ell, era succeït per la seva filla Joanna.
The standard history is Piet Avonds, ''Brabant tijdens de regering van Hertog Jan III (1312–1356)''(Koninglijke Academie, Brussels) 1991.
La història estàndard és Piet Avonds, ''furgoneta de tijdens de regering de Brabant Hertog Jan Iii (1312-1356)'' (Koninglijke Academie, Brussel·les) 1991.
==Ancestors==
== Avantpassats ==
<center>{{ahnentafel-compact5
|style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%;
|border=1
|boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #fcb;
|1= John III, Duke of Brabant
|2= [[John II, Duke of Brabant]]
|3= [[Margaret of England (1275–1333)|Margaret of England]]
|4= [[John I, Duke of Brabant]]
|5= [[Margaret of Flanders (d. 1285)|Margaret of Flanders]]
|6= [[Edward I of England|Edward I, King of England]]
|7= [[Eleanor of Castile]]
|8= [[Henry III, Duke of Brabant]]
|9= [[Adelaide of Burgundy (1233–1273)|Adelaide of Burgundy]]
|10= [[Guy of Dampierre|Guy, Count of Flanders]]
|11= Mathilde of Béthune
|12= [[Henry III of England|Henry III, King of England]]
|13= [[Eleanor of Provence]]
|14= [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand III, King of Castile]]
|15= [[Jeanne, Countess of Ponthieu|Jeanne of Dammartin, Countess of Ponthieu]]
|16= [[Henry II, Duke of Brabant]]
|17= [[Marie of Hohenstaufen]]
|18= [[Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy]]
|19= [[Yolande of Dreux (Burgundy)|Yolande of Dreux]]
|20= [[William II of Dampierre|William II, Lord of Dampierre]]
|21= [[Margaret II, Countess of Flanders]]
|22= Robert VII, Lord of Béthune
|23= Elisabeth of Morialmes
|24= [[John of England|John, King of England]]
|25= [[Isabella of Angoulême]]
|26= [[Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence]]
|27= [[Beatrice of Savoy]]
|28= [[Alfonso IX of León|Alfonso IX, King of León]]
|29= [[Berenguela of Castile]]
|30= Simon of Dammartin, Count of Ponthieu
|31= [[Marie, Countess of Ponthieu]]
}}</center>
<Center>{{Citació necessària|data = font: 90%; alçada de línia: 110%}}</center>
Linha 93 ⟶ 228:
|26= [[Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence]]
|27= [[Beatrice of Savoy]]
|28= [[Alfonso IX of León|Alfonso IX, King of León]]
See also: [[Dukes of Brabant family tree]]
|29= [[Berenguela of Castile]]
|30= Simon of Dammartin, Count of Ponthieu
==Notes==
|31= [[Marie, Countess of Ponthieu]]
{{Reflist}}
}}
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{{Referències}}
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{{succession box | before=[[John II, Duke of Brabant]] | title=[[Duke of Brabant]], [[Duke of Lothier|Lothier]] and [[Duke of Limburg|Limburg]] | years=1312–1355 | after=[[Joanna, Duchess of Brabant|Joan]]}}
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{{succession box | before=[[John II, Duke of Brabant]] | title=[[Duke of Brabant]], [[Duke of Lothier|Lothier]] and [[Duke of Limburg|Limburg]] | years=1312–1355 | after=[[Joanna, Duchess of Brabant|Joan]]}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:John Iii, Duke Of Brabant}}
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[[Categoria:Ducs de Brabant]]
[[Categoria:Ducs]]
[[Categoria:Francs]]
[[Categoria:Família]]
[[Categoria:Llinatges]]
[[Categoria:Cognoms]]
[[Categoria:Alemanya]]
[[Category:Dukes of Brabant]]
[[Category:Dukes of Lothier]]
[[Category:1300 births|Brabant, John III, Duke of]]
[[Category:1355 deaths|Brabant, John III, Duke of]]
[[Category:House of Reginar]]
[[ca:Joan III de Brabant]]
[[de:Johann III. (Brabant)]]
[[fr:Jean III de Brabant]]
[[nl:Jan III van Brabant]]
[[pt:Jan III de Brabante]]
[[en:John III, Duke of Brabant]]
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