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Usuari:Arlecchino/proves/Salomon An-Ski

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Salomon An-Ski, 1910

Salomon An-Ski o Salomon Anski (el nom real és Shlomo Sanwel Rappoport o Salomon Seinwil Rapoport; * 1863 a Txaixniki, Gouvernement Witebsk, Imperi Rus; † 8 de novembre de 1920 a Varsòvia) fou un escriptor, periodista i etnòleg jueu-rus, conegut sobretot com a autor de la peça teatral El Dibbuk, estrenada el 1920 a Moscou i que és considerada com a un clàssic de la literatura jiddisch.

Vida

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Ravnitzki, An-Ski, Mendele, Bialik, Frug, foto d'abans de 1916

An-Ski rebé una educació tradicional jueva. La llengua russa l'aprengué d'una manera autodidacta. Es formà en diversos oficis: primer com a enquadernador, després com a serraller o sastre (els biògrafs difereixen en aquest punt). Com a membre dels Narodniki russos entra molt aviat en conflicte amb la policia, estant un temps sota vigilància. Fou desterrat el 1891.

El 1894 arribà a París, on treballà inicialment com a enquadernador. Més endavant esdevingué secretari personal del socialista revolucionari rus Pjotr Lawrow i secretari del partit socialista revolucionari rus a París. Durant la seva etapa a França creà per a la Unió General de Treballadors Jueus dos himnes ben coneguts: Di Shwu'e („El jurament“) i In salziken Jam fun menschleche Trern („A la mar salada de les llàgrimes humanes“).

Després del Diumenge Sagnant de Sant Petersburg en 1905, An-Ski retornà a Rússia. El 1908 fundà a Sant Petersburg la Societat Jueva d'Història i Etnografia. Entre 1912 i 1914 realitzà diverses expedicions etnogràfiques a l'anomenada Zona de residència jueva. Durant la Primera Guerra Mundial va estar treballant a Galítsia com a representat d'una organització jueva d'ajuda.

El 1919 viatjà a la Vilnius i Varsòvia, que tot just havien estat alliberades per les tropes poloneses, per a treballar com a col·laborador al diari jueu "El Moment".

DE 1920 a 1925 foren publicades les seves Gezamelte shriften in fuftsehn bender (Obres Completes en 15 volums) .[1]

Sein bekanntestes Stück Der Dibbuk schrieb er auf Russisch. Konstantin Stanislawski wollte es auch in dieser Fassung am Moskauer Künstlertheater inszenieren. An-Ski selbst übersetzte sein Stück ins Jiddische, um es noch authentischer wirken zu lassen. Die Erstaufführung des Stückes fand am 9. Dezember 1920, einen Monat nach An-Skis Tod, in Warschau statt.

1938 wurde sein Theaterstück Der Dybbuk von Regisseur Michał Waszyński in Polen auf Jiddisch verfilmt. Dieser Film zeigt die Welt der Juden in Osteuropa kurz vor deren Vernichtung durch den Holocaust. Von diesem Film animiert, schuf Rachel Michali 2005 aus An-Skis Werk ihre Oper The Dybbuk.

Obres (resum)

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  • El Dibbuk. Llegenda dramàtica en 4 actes
  • The Dybbuk and other writings, editat per David G. Roskies, Schocken Books, Nova York. 1992, ISBN 0-8052-4111-6 En llengua anglesa.
  • The Enemy at His Pleasure: A Journey through the Jewish Pale of Settlement during World War I. Nova York 2002. ISBN 080505944X. En llengua anglesa.


Bibliografia

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  • Gabrielle Safran (Hrsg.): The worlds of S. An-sky. A Russian intellectual at the turn of the century. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Cal. 2006, ISBN 0-8047-5344-X. Plantilla:Digitalisat En llengua anglesa.
  • Leben im russischen Schtetl. Auf den Spuren von An-Ski. Jüdische Sammlungen des Staatlichen Ethnographischen Museums in Sankt Petersburg. Katalog zu einer Ausstellung in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Joods Historisch Museum Amsterdam. Colònia 1993, ISBN 3-923158-24-6. En llengua alemanya.
  • Reisen, Leksikon fun der jiddischer Literatur un Presse, Varsòvia 1914. En llengua jiddisch.
  • Salomon Wininger: Große Jüdische National-Biographie. Band I (1925) En llengua alemanya.
  • Jüdisches Lexikon, Berlin 1927, Bd. I. En llengua alemanya.

Einzelnachweise

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  1. ↑ Ein Nachdruck erschien in den Jahren ab 1999 im National Yiddish Book Center, Amherst, Mass., es ist auch in manchen europäischen Bibliotheken erhältlich.
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Plantilla:Normdaten


Kategorie:Literatur (Jiddisch) Kategorie:Literatur (Russisch) Kategorie:Literatur (20. Jahrhundert) Kategorie:Drama Kategorie:Lyrik Kategorie:Autor Kategorie:Russischer Emigrant Kategorie:Russe Kategorie:Geboren 1863 Kategorie:Gestorben 1920 Kategorie:Mann

Plantilla:Personendaten

 
S. Ansky, 1910

Shloyme Zanvl Rappoport (1863, Chashniki –1920, Otwock), known by his pseudonym S. Ansky (or An-sky), was a Russian Jewish author, playwright, researcher of Jewish folklore, polemicist, and cultural and political activist.

Biography

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Odessa writers. From left to right: Y. Ravnitzki, Ansky, Mendele Mocher Sforim, H. N. Bialik, S. Frug. Published in Simon Dubnow's newspaper in 1916

S. Ansky was born in Chashniki, Belarus, then part of the Russian Empire. Initially he wrote in Russian, but from 1904, he became known mainly as a Yiddish author.

Under the influence of the Russian narodnik movement, Ansky became interested in ethnography, as well as socialism, and became a political activist. After the 1917 Russian Revolution he was elected to the All-Russian Constituent Assembly as a deputy of the Social-Revolutionary Party.

Between 1911 and the outbreak of the Great War in 1914, he headed ethnographical expeditions to various Jewish towns of Volhynia and Podolia.

He is best known for his play The Dybbuk or Between Two Worlds. The play was first staged in the Elyseum Theatre in Warsaw two months after the author's death in Otwock on November 8, 1920. It was subsequently translated into a dozen or more languages and performed thousands of times all over the world. It is still being produced, along with numerous adaptations, as well as operas, ballets, and symphonic suites. (For example in 2011 there were seven different productions.) It is considered the jewel of the Jewish theatre.[1] In the early years The Dybbuk was considered so significant that parodies of it were written and produced.[2]

Although The Dybbuk is An-sky’s best-known work, he published an impressive number of works of literature, politics and ethnography. His Collected Works, which do not include all his writings, comprise fifteen volumes.[3] An-sky wrote a number of other plays, four of which are included in this collection, long out of print. One (“Day and Night”) is, like The Dybbuk, a Hasidic Gothic story. The other three plays have revolutionary themes, and were originally written in Russian: “Father and Son.” “In a Conspiratorial Apartment,” and “The Grandfather.” All four have recently been republished in a bilingual Yiddish-English edition.[4]

Ansky was also the author of the song Di Shvue (The Oath), which became the anthem of the Jewish Socialist Bund party. He was the author of the poem (later made into a song) In Zaltsikn Yam (In the Salty Sea), which was dedicated to the Bund as well.

 
Mausoleum of the Three Writers (Peretz, Dinezon, and Ansky) in Warsaw

Ansky's ethnological collections were locked away in Soviet vaults for years, but some material has come to light since the 1990s.[5] The State Ethnographic Museum at St. Petersburg holds a good deal of it.[6]

Some of his vast collection of cylinder recordings made on these expeditions have been transferred to CD as well.[7]

His ethnographic report of the deliberate destruction of Jewish communities by the Russian army in the First World War, The Enemy at His Pleasure: A Journey Through the Jewish Pale of Settlement During World War I, has become a major source in the historiography of the war's impact on civilian populations.[8]

In 1917 he was elected to the Russian Constituent Assembly as a Social-Revolutionary deputy.[9]

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ 1. Fernando Peñalosa, The Dybbuk: Text, Subtext, and Context. Tsiterboym Books, 2012.
  2. ↑ Fernando Peñalosa, tr., Parodies of An-sky’s The Dybbuk. Bilingual Edition. Tsiterboym Books, 2012.
  3. ↑ S. An-sky. Gezamelte Shriften. Vilna, Warsaw, New York: Wydawnistwo “AN-SKI,” 1922. Reprinted 1926 and 1929.
  4. ↑ S. An-sky. Four Plays. Bilingual Edition, tr. Fernando Peñalosa. Tsiterboym Books, 2013.
  5. ↑ Eugene M. Avrutin, ed. Photographing the Jewish Nation: Pictures from S. An-sky's Ethnographic Expeditions. Tauber Institute for the Study of European Jewry. Waltham, Mass.: Brandeis, 2009.
  6. ↑ Tracing An-sky: Jewish Collections from the State Ethnographic Museum in St. Petersburg, Amsterdam 1992
  7. ↑ Materials of J. Engel Ethnographic Expedition 1912 (The Historic Collection of Jewish Music 1912-1947, vol. 1) (Kiev: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine; Institute for Information Recording, 2001)
  8. ↑ The Enemy at His Pleasure: A Journey Through the Jewish Pale of Settlement During World War I, By S. An-Ski, S. Ansky, Translated by Joachim Neugroschel, Macmillan, 2003 p. 253
  9. ↑ «S. Ansky (1863-1920)». Jewish Heritage Online Magazine. [Consulta: 4 novembre 2009].

Further reading

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  • Shmuel Werses.S. An-ski's "Between Two Worlds' (The Dybbuk): A Textual History." in Studies in Yiddish Literature and Folklore. Jerusalem: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1986
  • Gabrielle Safran (ed.): The worlds of S. An-sky. A Russian intellectual at the turn of the century. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Cal. 2006, ISBN 0-8047-5344-X
  • Mlotek, Eleanor G. S. Ansky : (Shloyme-Zanvl Rappoport) 1863-1920 : His Life and Works : Catalog of an Exhibition. [New York]: YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, 1980. OCLC 10304171
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